Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.4.6

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

स ते॑ जानाति सुम॒तिं य॑विष्ठ॒ य ईव॑ते॒ ब्रह्म॑णे गा॒तुमैर॑त् । विश्वा॑न्यस्मै सु॒दिना॑नि रा॒यो द्यु॒म्नान्य॒र्यो वि दुरो॑ अ॒भि द्यौ॑त् ॥
स ते जानाति सुमतिं यविष्ठ य ईवते ब्रह्मणे गातुमैरत् । विश्वान्यस्मै सुदिनानि रायो द्युम्नान्यर्यो वि दुरो अभि द्यौत् ॥
sa te jānāti sumatiṃ yaviṣṭha ya īvate brahmaṇe gātum airat | viśvāny asmai sudināni rāyo dyumnāny aryo vi duro abhi dyaut ||

English translation:

“He experiences your good favour, young (of the gods), who offers praise to you a Brahman, coming quickly (to bestow felicity); to him are all prosperous days and wealth (of cattle) and treasures; do you as the lord of sacrifice, shine upon his dwelling.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

A brahman coming quickly: ivate brahmaṇe, i.e., parivṛdhāya, to the greatly augmented; shine upon his dwelling: aryo vi duro abhidyaut, he the worshipper especially shines over his house, aryo yajamāno gṛhān abhi viśeṣeṇa dyotate

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): rakṣohā'gniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सः । ते॒ । जा॒ना॒ति॒ । सु॒ऽम॒तिम् । य॒वि॒ष्ठ॒ । यः । ईव॑ते । ब्रह्म॑णे । गा॒तुम् । ऐर॑त् । विश्वा॑नि । अ॒स्मै॒ । सु॒ऽदिना॑नि । रा॒यः । द्यु॒म्नानि॑ । अ॒र्यः । वि । दुरः॑ । अ॒भि । द्यौ॑त् ॥
सः । ते । जानाति । सुमतिम् । यविष्ठ । यः । ईवते । ब्रह्मणे । गातुम् । ऐरत् । विश्वानि । अस्मै । सुदिनानि । रायः । द्युम्नानि । अर्यः । वि । दुरः । अभि । द्यौत् ॥
saḥ | te | jānāti | su-matim | yaviṣṭha | yaḥ | īvate | brahmaṇe | gātum | airat | viśvāni | asmai | su-dināni | rāyaḥ | dyumnāni | aryaḥ | vi | duraḥ | abhi | dyaut

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.4.6 English analysis of grammar]

sa < tad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

te < tvad

[noun], genitive, singular

“you.”

jānāti < jñā

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“know; diagnose; perceive; know; come to know; notice; determine; think of; find; learn; perceive; identify; recognize; understand; know; learn; ascertain; detect; deem.”

sumatiṃ < sumatim < sumati

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“benevolence; favor; Sumati.”

yaviṣṭha

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“youngest.”

ya < yaḥ < yad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

īvate < īvat

[noun], dative, singular, neuter

“such(a).”

brahmaṇe < brahman

[noun], dative, singular, neuter

“brahman; mantra; prayer; spell; Veda; Brahmin; sacred text; final emancipation; hymn; brahman [word]; Brāhmaṇa; study.”

gātum <

[verb noun]

“sing; praise; jap; recite; describe.”

airat < īr

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“go.”

viśvāny < viśvāni < viśva

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

asmai < idam

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

sudināni < su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

sudināni < dināni < dina

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“day; day; day of the week; one.”

rāyo < rāyaḥ < rai

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“wealth; possession; rai [word]; gold.”

dyumnāny < dyumnāni < dyumna

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“magnificence.”

aryo < aryaḥ < ari

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

vi

[adverb]

“apart; away; away.”

duro < duraḥ < dvār

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“door; means.”

abhi

[adverb]

“towards; on.”

dyaut < dyut

[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)

“shine; inflame.”

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