Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.3.13

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

मा कस्य॑ य॒क्षं सद॒मिद्धु॒रो गा॒ मा वे॒शस्य॑ प्रमिन॒तो मापेः । मा भ्रातु॑रग्ने॒ अनृ॑जोॠ॒णं वे॒र्मा सख्यु॒र्दक्षं॑ रि॒पोर्भु॑जेम ॥
मा कस्य यक्षं सदमिद्धुरो गा मा वेशस्य प्रमिनतो मापेः । मा भ्रातुरग्ने अनृजोॠणं वेर्मा सख्युर्दक्षं रिपोर्भुजेम ॥
mā kasya yakṣaṃ sadam id dhuro gā mā veśasya praminato māpeḥ | mā bhrātur agne anṛjor ṛṇaṃ ver mā sakhyur dakṣaṃ ripor bhujema ||

English translation:

“Go not ever, Agni, to the sacrifice of any one who injures us; nor to that of a malevolent neighbour, nor to that of an (unnatural) relation; accept not the due (oblation) from an insincere brother; let us not derive enjoyment from the enemy of a friend.”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

मा । कस्य॑ । य॒क्षम् । सद॑म् । इत् । हु॒रः । गाः॒ । मा । वे॒शस्य॑ । प्र॒ऽमि॒न॒तः । मा । आ॒पेः । मा । भ्रातुः॑ । अ॒ग्ने॒ । अनृ॑जोः । ऋ॒णम् । वेः॒ । मा । सख्युः॑ । दक्ष॑म् । रि॒पोः । भु॒जे॒म॒ ॥
मा । कस्य । यक्षम् । सदम् । इत् । हुरः । गाः । मा । वेशस्य । प्रमिनतः । मा । आपेः । मा । भ्रातुः । अग्ने । अनृजोः । ऋणम् । वेः । मा । सख्युः । दक्षम् । रिपोः । भुजेम ॥
mā | kasya | yakṣam | sadam | it | huraḥ | gāḥ | mā | veśasya | pra-minataḥ | mā | āpeḥ | mā | bhrātuḥ | agne | anṛjoḥ | ṛṇam | veḥ | mā | sakhyuḥ | dakṣam | ripoḥ | bhujema

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.3.13 English analysis of grammar]

[adverb]

“not.”

kasya < ka

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“what; who; ka [pronoun].”

yakṣaṃ < yakṣam < yakṣa

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“apparition; monster; apparition.”

sadam

[adverb]

“always.”

iddhuro < id

[adverb]

“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

iddhuro < huras

[adverb]

< gāḥ <

[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)

“go; enter (a state); arrive.”

[adverb]

“not.”

veśasya < veśa

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“whorehouse; prostitute; neighbor; braid.”

praminato < praminataḥ < pramī < √mī

[verb noun], genitive, singular

“destroy.”

māpeḥ <

[adverb]

“not.”

māpeḥ < āpeḥ < āpi

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“friend.”

[adverb]

“not.”

bhrātur < bhrātuḥ < bhrātṛ

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“brother; bhrātṛ; relative.”

agne < agni

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

anṛjor < anṛjoḥ < anṛju

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“dishonest; evil.”

ṛṇaṃ < ṛṇam < ṛṇa

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“debt; debt; ṛṇa [word].”

ver < veḥ <

[verb], singular, Present injunctive

“approach; ask; desire; go; drive.”

[adverb]

“not.”

sakhyur < sakhyuḥ < sakhi

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

dakṣaṃ < dakṣam < dakṣa

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Dakṣa; ability; cock; fitness; will; purpose; disposition; cock.”

ripor < ripoḥ < ripu

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“punic; deceitful; unfriendly.”

bhujema < bhuj

[verb], plural, Aorist optative

“eat; enjoy; consume; eat; love; burn; run down; enjoy; live on.”

Like what you read? Consider supporting this website: