Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 3.31.17
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अनु॑ कृ॒ष्णे वसु॑धिती जिहाते उ॒भे सूर्य॑स्य मं॒हना॒ यज॑त्रे । परि॒ यत्ते॑ महि॒मानं॑ वृ॒जध्यै॒ सखा॑य इन्द्र॒ काम्या॑ ऋजि॒प्याः ॥
अनु कृष्णे वसुधिती जिहाते उभे सूर्यस्य मंहना यजत्रे । परि यत्ते महिमानं वृजध्यै सखाय इन्द्र काम्या ऋजिप्याः ॥
anu kṛṣṇe vasudhitī jihāte ubhe sūryasya maṃhanā yajatre | pari yat te mahimānaṃ vṛjadhyai sakhāya indra kāmyā ṛjipyāḥ ||
English translation:
“The two adorable (alternations of) day and night, upholding (all things) by the might of the sun, successively revolve; your sincere and acceptable friends (the Maruts) are ready to encounter (your foes) and maintain your greatness.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Day and night: the text has ubhe kṛṣṇe = both the blacks, i.e. ahorātre, day and night; by the might of the sun: sūryasya maṃhanā: sūrya = Indra, the impeller, preraka, of the world
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gāthino viśvāmitraḥ, aiṣīrathīḥ kuśiko vā [gāthina viśvāmitra, aiṣīrathīḥ kuśika vā];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अनु॑ । कृ॒ष्णे इति॑ । वसु॑धिती॒ इति॒ वसु॑ऽधिती । जि॒हा॒ते॒ इति॑ । उ॒भे इति॑ । सूर्य॑स्य । मं॒हना॑ । यज॑त्रे । परि॑ । यत् । ते॒ । म॒हि॒मान॑म् । वृ॒जध्यै॑ । सखा॑यः । इ॒न्द्र॒ । काम्याः॑ । ऋ॒जि॒प्याः ॥
अनु । कृष्णे इति । वसुधिती इति वसुधिती । जिहाते इति । उभे इति । सूर्यस्य । मंहना । यजत्रे । परि । यत् । ते । महिमानम् । वृजध्यै । सखायः । इन्द्र । काम्याः । ऋजिप्याः ॥
anu | kṛṣṇe iti | vasudhitī itivasu-dhitī | jihāteiti | ubhe iti | sūryasya | maṃhanā | yajatre | pari | yat | te | mahimānam | vṛjadhyai | sakhāyaḥ | indra | kāmyāḥ | ṛjipyāḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 3.31.17 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”
[noun], nominative, dual, feminine
“black; dark; dark; blue; black.”
[noun], nominative, dual, feminine
[verb], plural, Present indikative
“move over; yield; give way.”
[noun], nominative, dual, feminine
“both(a).”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
[noun], nominative, dual, feminine
“adorable.”
[adverb]
“from; about; around.”
[adverb]
“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
[noun], genitive, singular
“you.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“greatness; power; mahiman.”
[verb noun]
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“desirable; optional; beautiful.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine