Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.191.10
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
सूर्ये॑ वि॒षमा स॑जामि॒ दृतिं॒ सुरा॑वतो गृ॒हे । सो चि॒न्नु न म॑राति॒ नो व॒यं म॑रामा॒रे अ॑स्य॒ योज॑नं हरि॒ष्ठा मधु॑ त्वा मधु॒ला च॑कार ॥
सूर्ये विषमा सजामि दृतिं सुरावतो गृहे । सो चिन्नु न मराति नो वयं मरामारे अस्य योजनं हरिष्ठा मधु त्वा मधुला चकार ॥
sūrye viṣam ā sajāmi dṛtiṃ surāvato gṛhe | so cin nu na marāti no vayam marāmāre asya yojanaṃ hariṣṭhā madhu tvā madhulā cakāra ||
English translation:
“I deposit the poison in the solar orb, like a leather bottle in the house of a vendor of spirits; verily, that adorable (Sun) never dies; nor, (through his favour), shall we die (of the venom); for, though afar off, yet drawn by his coursers, he will overtake (the poison); the science of antidoes converted you, (Poison), to ambrosia.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
This and the following three hymns are derived from the viṣa vidyā, the science of poisons,or of antidoes, whence it is also termed madhu-vidyā, science of ambrosia; 'having taken the poison in the solar orb with the fourth finger, having made it ambrosia and caused them to blend together, may it become poisonless'; sūrya maṇḍala or orb of the sun; or, perhaps a reference to a mystical diagram or figure typical of the solar orb;
Madhuta = madhu vidyā was originally taught by Indra to Dadhyañc, who communicated it to the Aśvins, and thereby lost his head
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): agastyo maitrāvaruṇiḥ [agastya maitrāvaruṇi];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aboṣadhisūryāḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛdbrāhmyanuṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
सूर्ये॑ । वि॒षम् । आ । स॒जा॒मि॒ । दृति॑म् । सुरा॑ऽवतः । गृ॒हे । सः । चि॒त् । नु । न । म॒रा॒ति॒ । नो इति॑ । व॒यम् । म॒रा॒म॒ । आ॒रे । अ॒स्य॒ । योज॑नम् । ह॒रि॒ऽस्थाः । मधु॑ । त्वा॒ । म॒धु॒ला । च॒का॒र॒ ॥
सूर्ये । विषम् । आ । सजामि । दृतिम् । सुरावतः । गृहे । सः । चित् । नु । न । मराति । नो इति । वयम् । मराम । आरे । अस्य । योजनम् । हरिस्थाः । मधु । त्वा । मधुला । चकार ॥
sūrye | viṣam | ā | sajāmi | dṛtim | surāvataḥ | gṛhe | saḥ | cit | nu | na | marāt i | no iti | vayam | marāma | āre | asya | yojanam | hari-sthāḥ | madhu | tvā | madhulā | cakāra
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.191.10 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“poison; poisoning; viṣa; venom; vatsanābha; Aconitum Ferox; viṣa [word]; Viṣa; myrrh; myrrh.”
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“adhere; cling; cling; break.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“hose; dṛti [word]; hide; bladder.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“bibulous.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“house; palace; temple; home; place; family; family; stable.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[adverb]
“ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”
[adverb]
“even; indeed.”
[adverb]
“now; already.”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“mṛ; die; disappear; go out.”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[adverb]
“ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”
[noun], nominative, plural
“I; mine.”
[verb], plural, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“mṛ; die; disappear; go out.”
[adverb]
“far.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“yojana; use; yojana [word]; team.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“sweet; deft.”
[noun], accusative, singular
“you.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“sweet.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”