Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.187.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

पि॒तुं नु स्तो॑षं म॒हो ध॒र्माणं॒ तवि॑षीम् । यस्य॑ त्रि॒तो व्योज॑सा वृ॒त्रं विप॑र्वम॒र्दय॑त् ॥
पितुं नु स्तोषं महो धर्माणं तविषीम् । यस्य त्रितो व्योजसा वृत्रं विपर्वमर्दयत् ॥
pituṃ nu stoṣam maho dharmāṇaṃ taviṣīm | yasya trito vy ojasā vṛtraṃ viparvam ardayat ||

English translation:

“I glorify Pitu, the great, the upholder, the strong, by whose invigorating power Trita slew themutilated Vṛtra.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Anna-devatā = anna, the divinity presidingover food, or merely food;

Pitu = pālakam, that which nourishes;

Trita = Indra; he whose fame is spread through the three worlds; or, tṛsthāna-indraha, the three-stationed Indra: Yajurveda 34.7

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): agastyo maitrāvaruṇiḥ [agastya maitrāvaruṇi];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): oṣadhayaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): uṣṇik ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

पि॒तुम् । नु । स्तो॒ष॒म् । म॒हः । ध॒र्माण॑म् । तवि॑षीम् । यस्य॑ । त्रि॒तः । वि । ओज॑सा । वृ॒त्रम् । विऽप॑र्वम् । अ॒र्दय॑त् ॥
पितुम् । नु । स्तोषम् । महः । धर्माणम् । तविषीम् । यस्य । त्रितः । वि । ओजसा । वृत्रम् । विपर्वम् । अर्दयत् ॥
pitum | nu | stoṣam | mahaḥ | dharmāṇam | taviṣīm | yasya | tritaḥ | vi | ojasā | vṛtram | vi-parvam | ardayat

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.187.1 English analysis of grammar]

pituṃ < pitum < pitu

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“food.”

nu

[adverb]

“now; already.”

stoṣam < stu

[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)

“laud; praise; declare; stu.”

maho < mahaḥ < mah

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

dharmāṇaṃ < dharmāṇam < dharman

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

taviṣīm < taviṣī

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“strength; power.”

yasya < yad

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

trito < tritaḥ < trita

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Trita.”

vy < vi

[adverb]

“apart; away; away.”

ojasā < ojas

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“strength; power; ojas; ojas [word]; potency; might.”

vṛtraṃ < vṛtram < vṛtra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Vṛtra; vṛtra [word].”

viparvam < viparva

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

ardayat < arday < √ṛd

[verb], singular, Present injunctive

“afflict; afflict; affect; distress; torment; impel; grind; suffer.”

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