Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.180.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यु॒वं ह॑ घ॒र्मं मधु॑मन्त॒मत्र॑ये॒ऽपो न क्षोदो॑ऽवृणीतमे॒षे । तद्वां॑ नरावश्विना॒ पश्व॑इष्टी॒ रथ्ये॑व च॒क्रा प्रति॑ यन्ति॒ मध्व॑: ॥
युवं ह घर्मं मधुमन्तमत्रयेऽपो न क्षोदोऽवृणीतमेषे । तद्वां नरावश्विना पश्वइष्टी रथ्येव चक्रा प्रति यन्ति मध्वः ॥
yuvaṃ ha gharmam madhumantam atraye 'po na kṣodo 'vṛṇītam eṣe | tad vāṃ narāv aśvinā paśvaïṣṭī rathyeva cakrā prati yanti madhvaḥ ||

English translation:

“You rendered the heat as soothing as sweet butter to Atri; wishing (for relief), and invested it with coolness,like water; therefore, for you, Aśvins, leaders (of rites) the fire-offering (is made); to you the Soma (drips) run like chariot wheels (down a declivity).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The fire-offering is made: tad vam paśva iṣṭī paśu = fire; agrees with the text agnir paśur-āsīt, agni was the victim; the implication is that the oblations are presented through fire to the Aśvins

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): agastyo maitrāvaruṇiḥ [agastya maitrāvaruṇi];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aśvinau ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यु॒वम् । ह॒ । घ॒र्मम् । मधु॑ऽमन्तम् । अत्र॑ये । अ॒पः । न । क्षोदः॑ । अ॒वृ॒णी॒त॒म् । ए॒षे । तत् । वा॒म् । न॒रौ॒ । अ॒श्वि॒ना॒ । पश्वः॑ऽइष्टिः । रथ्या॑ऽइव । च॒क्रा । प्रति॑ । य॒न्ति॒ । मध्वः॑ ॥
युवम् । ह । घर्मम् । मधुमन्तम् । अत्रये । अपः । न । क्षोदः । अवृणीतम् । एषे । तत् । वाम् । नरौ । अश्विना । पश्वःइष्टिः । रथ्याइव । चक्रा । प्रति । यन्ति । मध्वः ॥
yuvam | ha | gharmam | madhu-mantam | atraye | apaḥ | na | kṣodaḥ | avṛṇītam | eṣe | tat | vām | narau | aśvinā | paśvaḥ-iṣṭiḥ | rathyāiva | cakrā | prati | yanti | madhvaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.180.4 English analysis of grammar]

yuvaṃ < yuvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, dual

“you.”

ha

[adverb]

“indeed; ha [word].”

gharmam < gharma

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“sunlight; heat; summer; Gharma; Gharma; boiler; perspiration; caldron.”

madhumantam < madhumat

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“sweet; honeyed; sweet; pleasant.”

atraye < atri

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“Atri; Atri; atri [word].”

'po < apaḥ < apas

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

kṣodo < kṣodaḥ < kṣodas

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“swell.”

'vṛṇītam < avṛṇītam < vṛ

[verb], dual, Imperfect

“choose; ask.”

eṣe < eṣa

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“quest.”

tad < tat < tad

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

vāṃ < vām < tvad

[noun], dative, dual

“you.”

narāv < narau < nara

[noun], vocative, dual, masculine

“man; man; Nara; person; people; Nara; Puruṣa; nara [word]; servant; hero.”

aśvinā < aśvin

[noun], vocative, dual, masculine

“Asvins; two.”

paśvaiṣṭī < paśvaiṣṭiḥ < paśvaiṣṭi

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

rathyeva < rathyā

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“road; way; highway.”

rathyeva < iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

cakrā < cakra

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“wheel; Cakra; discus; army; cakra; oil mill; cakrikā; cakra; group.”

prati

[adverb]

“towards; per; regarding; respectively; according to; until.”

yanti < i

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

madhvaḥ < madhu

[noun], genitive, singular, neuter

“honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”

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