Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.161.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
किमु॒ श्रेष्ठ॒: किं यवि॑ष्ठो न॒ आज॑ग॒न्किमी॑यते दू॒त्यं१॒॑ कद्यदू॑चि॒म । न नि॑न्दिम चम॒सं यो म॑हाकु॒लोऽग्ने॑ भ्रात॒र्द्रुण॒ इद्भू॒तिमू॑दिम ॥
किमु श्रेष्ठः किं यविष्ठो न आजगन्किमीयते दूत्यं कद्यदूचिम । न निन्दिम चमसं यो महाकुलोऽग्ने भ्रातर्द्रुण इद्भूतिमूदिम ॥
kim u śreṣṭhaḥ kiṃ yaviṣṭho na ājagan kim īyate dūtyaṃ kad yad ūcima | na nindima camasaṃ yo mahākulo 'gne bhrātar druṇa id bhūtim ūdima ||
English translation:
“Is this our senior or our junior who has come (to us); has he come upon a message (from the gods); what is it we should say? Agni,brother, we revile not the ladle which is of exalted race; verily we assert the dignity of the wooden (implement).”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
The legend: the three Ṛbhus were engaged in a sacrifice and about to drink the Soma; the gods sent Agni to see what they were doing. Agni noticed that they resembled each other; Agni assumed a like form. The hymn refers to this form, calling himbrother, and questionign his comparative age. The next hymn states the purpose of Agni's visit is to order the conversion of one spoon or ladle, camasa, used for drinking Soma, or for libations, into four spoons
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): ṛbhavaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāḍjagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
किम् । ऊँ॒ इति॑ । श्रेष्ठः॑ । किम् । यवि॑ष्ठः । नः॒ । आ । अ॒ज॒ग॒न् । किम् । ई॒य॒ते॒ । दू॒त्य॑म् । कत् । यत् । ऊ॒चि॒म । न । नि॒न्दि॒म॒ । च॒म॒सम् । यः । म॒हा॒ऽकु॒लः । अ॒ग्ने॒ । भ्रा॒तः॒ । द्रुणः॑ । इत् । भू॒तिम् । ऊ॒दि॒म॒ ॥
किम् । ऊँ इति । श्रेष्ठः । किम् । यविष्ठः । नः । आ । अजगन् । किम् । ईयते । दूत्यम् । कत् । यत् । ऊचिम । न । निन्दिम । चमसम् । यः । महाकुलः । अग्ने । भ्रातः । द्रुणः । इत् । भूतिम् । ऊदिम ॥
kim | ūām iti | śreṣṭhaḥ | kim | yaviṣṭhaḥ | naḥ | ā | ajagan | kim | īyate | dūtyam | kat | yat | ūc ima | na | nindima | camasam | yaḥ | mahākulaḥ | agne | bhrātaḥ | druṇaḥ | it | bhūtim | ūdima
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.161.1 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“why; ka [pronoun]; if; how.”
[adverb]
“ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“best; better; chief(a); beautiful.”
[adverb]
“why; ka [pronoun]; if; how.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“youngest.”
[noun], accusative, plural
“I; mine.”
[verb], singular, Plusquamperfect
“come; arrive; return; enter (a state); approach; travel; enter; inherit; hand down; achieve; reach; appear; happen.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“what; who; ka [pronoun].”
[verb], singular, Indikativ Pr￤s. Passiv
“go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“what; who; ka [pronoun].”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative
“say; describe; name; tell; address; enumerate; call; state; teach; explain; say; declare; speak; define; declare; order; address; recommend; answer; deem; recite; approve; proclaim; indicate; determine; mention; designate.”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
“blame; disapprove; condemn; reprehend; reprimand.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“camasa; beaker; cake.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun]
“large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“family; good family; dynasty; palace; house; lineage; swarm; family; flock; kula [word]; genealogy; battalion; multitude; residence; lore; pedigree.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“brother; bhrātṛ; relative.”
[noun], genitive, singular, neuter
“wood; tree; dru [word].”
[adverb]
“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“auspiciousness; benefit; ash; well-being; bhasman; wealth; Andropogon schoenanthus; power.”
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative
“describe; teach; speak; tell; say; call; name; enumerate; declare; diagnose; address; say; pronounce; express; instruct; order.”