Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.130.8

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

इन्द्र॑: स॒मत्सु॒ यज॑मान॒मार्यं॒ प्राव॒द्विश्वे॑षु श॒तमू॑तिरा॒जिषु॒ स्व॑र्मीळ्हेष्वा॒जिषु॑ । मन॑वे॒ शास॑दव्र॒तान्त्वचं॑ कृ॒ष्णाम॑रन्धयत् । दक्ष॒न्न विश्वं॑ ततृषा॒णमो॑षति॒ न्य॑र्शसा॒नमो॑षति ॥
इन्द्रः समत्सु यजमानमार्यं प्रावद्विश्वेषु शतमूतिराजिषु स्वर्मीळ्हेष्वाजिषु । मनवे शासदव्रतान्त्वचं कृष्णामरन्धयत् । दक्षन्न विश्वं ततृषाणमोषति न्यर्शसानमोषति ॥
indraḥ samatsu yajamānam āryam prāvad viśveṣu śatamūtir ājiṣu svarmīḻheṣv ājiṣu | manave śāsad avratān tvacaṃ kṛṣṇām arandhayat | dakṣan na viśvaṃ tatṛṣāṇam oṣati ny arśasānam oṣati ||

English translation:

Indra, the manifold protector (of his worship) battles, defends his Ārya worshipper in all conflicts, in conflicts that confer heaven; he punished for (the benefit of) man the neglecters of religious rites; he tore off the black skin (of the aggressor); as if burning (with flame), he consumes the malignant; he utterly consumes him who delights in cruelty.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The black skin: The legens is that an asura, named Kṛṣṇa the black, advanced with ten thousand followers to the banks of the Aṃśumati river, where he committed fearful devastation until Indra, with the Maruts, was sent against him by Bṛhaspati, when he was defeated by Indra, and stripped of his skin

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): parucchepo daivodāsiḥ [parucchepa daivodāsi];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): aṣṭiḥ ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

इन्द्रः॑ । स॒मत्ऽसु॑ । यज॑मानम् । आर्य॑म् । प्र । आ॒व॒त् । विश्वे॑षु । श॒तम्ऽऊ॑तिः । आ॒जिषु॑ । स्वः॑ऽमीळ्हेषु । आ॒जिषु॑ । मन॑वे । शास॑त् । अ॒व्र॒तान् । त्वच॑म् । कृ॒ष्णाम् । अ॒र॒न्ध॒य॒त् । दक्ष॑म् । न । विश्व॑म् । त॒तृ॒षा॒णम् । ओ॒ष॒ति॒ । नि । अ॒र्श॒सा॒नम् । ओ॒ष॒ति॒ ॥
इन्द्रः । समत्सु । यजमानम् । आर्यम् । प्र । आवत् । विश्वेषु । शतम्ऊतिः । आजिषु । स्वःमीळ्हेषु । आजिषु । मनवे । शासत् । अव्रतान् । त्वचम् । कृष्णाम् । अरन्धयत् । दक्षम् । न । विश्वम् । ततृषाणम् । ओषति । नि । अर्शसानम् । ओषति ॥
indraḥ | samat-su | yajamānam | āryam | pra | āvat | viśveṣu | śatam-ūtiḥ | ājiṣu | svaḥ-mīḷheṣu | ājiṣu | manave | śāsat | avratān | tvacam | kṛṣṇām | arandhayat | dakṣam | na | viśvam | tatṛṣāṇam | oṣati | ni | arśasānam | oṣcati

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.130.8 English analysis of grammar]

indraḥ < indra

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

samatsu < samad

[noun], locative, plural, masculine

“conflict; strife.”

yajamānam < yaj

[verb noun], accusative, singular

“sacrifice; worship; worship.”

āryam < ārya

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“noble; noble; Indo-European; ārya [word]; honorable; noble.”

prāvad < prāvat < prāv < √av

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“help; promote.”

viśveṣu < viśva

[noun], locative, plural, masculine

“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

śatamūtir < śatamūtiḥ < śatamūti

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

ājiṣu < āji

[noun], locative, plural, masculine

“battle; fight; contest; āji [word]; combat.”

svarmīᄆheṣv < svarmīᄆheṣu < svarmīḍha

[noun], locative, plural, neuter

ājiṣu < āji

[noun], locative, plural, masculine

“battle; fight; contest; āji [word]; combat.”

manave < manu

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“Manu; mantra; Manusmṛti; fourteen; man; manu [word]; Vaivasvata; incantation; sacred text.”

śāsad < śāsat < śās

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“teach; govern; command; order; control; tell; recommend; chastize; instruct.”

avratān < avrata

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“disobedient; evil.”

tvacaṃ < tvacam < tvac

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“skin; bark; peel; hide; complexion; hide; Rasa; rind.”

kṛṣṇām < kṛṣṇa

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“black; dark; dark; blue; black.”

arandhayat < randhay < √radh

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“subjugate; hand over.”

dakṣan < dah

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“burn; cauterize; heat; burn; burn; burn; roast; blaze; burn; distress; destroy.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

viśvaṃ < viśvam < viśva

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

tatṛṣāṇam < tṛṣ

[verb noun], accusative, singular

“thirst.”

oṣati < uṣ

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“burn; punish.”

ny < ni

[adverb]

“back; down.”

arśasānam < arśasāna

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

oṣati < uṣ

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“burn; punish.”

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