Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.94.6

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वम॑ध्व॒र्युरु॒त होता॑सि पू॒र्व्यः प्र॑शा॒स्ता पोता॑ ज॒नुषा॑ पु॒रोहि॑तः । विश्वा॑ वि॒द्वाँ आर्त्वि॑ज्या धीर पुष्य॒स्यग्ने॑ स॒ख्ये मा रि॑षामा व॒यं तव॑ ॥
त्वमध्वर्युरुत होतासि पूर्व्यः प्रशास्ता पोता जनुषा पुरोहितः । विश्वा विद्वाँ आर्त्विज्या धीर पुष्यस्यग्ने सख्ये मा रिषामा वयं तव ॥
tvam adhvaryur uta hotāsi pūrvyaḥ praśāstā potā januṣā purohitaḥ | viśvā vidvām̐ ārtvijyā dhīra puṣyasy agne sakhye mā riṣāmā vayaṃ tava ||

English translation:

“You are the sacrificing or the invoking priest, you are the principal (presenter of the offering), the director (of the ceremonies), their performer, or by birth the family priest; thus conversant with all the priestly functions, you perform perfectly the rite; let us not, Agni, suffer injury through your friendship.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Agni sis the chief of the sixteen priests engaged at solemn sacrifices. He is the adhvaryu, the reciter of the Yajus, here defined as the presenter of the offerings; he is the hotā, invoking priest; he is the prastotā or maitrāvaruṇa, whose duty it is to direct the other priests what to do and when to perform their functions; he is the potā, priest and hereditary purohita (or brahmā of a ceremony), being to men what Bṛhaspati is to the gods. (bṛhaspatirdevānām brahmāham manuṣyāṇām: Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa 3.7.6.3)

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): kutsaḥ āṅgirasaḥ [kutsa āṅgirasa];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): svarāṭtriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वम् । अ॒ध्व॒र्युः । उ॒त । होता॑ । अ॒सि॒ । पू॒र्व्यः । प्र॒ऽशा॒स्ता । पोता॑ । ज॒नुषा॑ । पु॒रःऽहि॑तः । विश्वा॑ । वि॒द्वान् । आर्त्वि॑ज्या । धी॒र॒ । पु॒ष्य॒सि॒ । अग्ने॑ । स॒ख्ये । मा । रि॒षा॒म॒ । व॒यम् । तव॑ ॥
त्वम् । अध्वर्युः । उत । होता । असि । पूर्व्यः । प्रशास्ता । पोता । जनुषा । पुरःहितः । विश्वा । विद्वान् । आर्त्विज्या । धीर । पुष्यसि । अग्ने । सख्ये । मा । रिषाम । वयम् । तव ॥
tvam | adhvaryuḥ | uta | hotā | asi | pūrvyaḥ | pra-śāstā | potā | januṣā | puraḥ-hitaḥ | viśvā | vidvān | ārtvijyā | dhīra | puṣyasi | agne | sakhye | mā | riṣāma | vayam | tava

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.94.6 English analysis of grammar]

tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

adhvaryur < adhvaryuḥ < adhvaryu

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Adhvaryu; adhvaryu [word]; Yajur-Veda.”

uta

[adverb]

“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

hotāsi < hotā < hotṛ

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Hotṛ.”

hotāsi < asi < as

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

pūrvyaḥ < pūrvya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“first; precedent; age-old; excellent; former(a).”

praśāstā < praśāstṛ

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“praśāstṛ [word]; king.”

potā < potṛ

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Potṛ.”

januṣā < janus

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“birth.”

purohitaḥ < purohita

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Purohita; purohita [word].”

viśvā < viśva

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

vidvāṃ < vid

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”

ārtvijyā < ārtvijya

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

dhīra

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“expert; wise; intelligent; versed; adept.”

puṣyasy < puṣyasi < puṣ

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“boom; grow; promote; foster.”

agne < agni

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

sakhye < sakhi

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

[adverb]

“not.”

riṣāmā < riṣ

[verb], plural, Aorist conj./subj.

“suffer; harm.”

vayaṃ < vayam < mad

[noun], nominative, plural

“I; mine.”

tava < tvad

[noun], genitive, singular

“you.”

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