Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.34.2
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्रय॑: प॒वयो॑ मधु॒वाह॑ने॒ रथे॒ सोम॑स्य वे॒नामनु॒ विश्व॒ इद्वि॑दुः । त्रय॑: स्क॒म्भास॑: स्कभि॒तास॑ आ॒रभे॒ त्रिर्नक्तं॑ या॒थस्त्रिर्व॑श्विना॒ दिवा॑ ॥
त्रयः पवयो मधुवाहने रथे सोमस्य वेनामनु विश्व इद्विदुः । त्रयः स्कम्भासः स्कभितास आरभे त्रिर्नक्तं याथस्त्रिर्वश्विना दिवा ॥
trayaḥ pavayo madhuvāhane rathe somasya venām anu viśva id viduḥ | trayaḥ skambhāsaḥ skabhitāsa ārabhe trir naktaṃ yāthas trir v aśvinā divā ||
English translation:
“Three are the solid (wheels) of your abundance-bearing chariot, as all (the gods) have known (it to be), when attendant on Vena, the beloved of Soma; three are the columns plural ced (above it) for support, and in it thrice do you journey by night, and thrice by day.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Aśvins went to the marriage of Vena with Soma and loaded their ratha (chariot) with goodies; skambhasaḥ skabhitāsa ārabhe = posts standing up from the body of the car, which the riders held, to avoid being thrown off by the rapid or uneven motion of the car
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): hiraṇyastūpa āṅgirasaḥ [hiraṇyastūpa āṅgirasa];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aśvinau ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛjjagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्रयः॑ । प॒वयः॑ । मधु॒ऽवाहे॑न । रथे॑ । सोम॑स्य । वे॒नाम् । अनु॑ । विश्वे॑ । इत् । वि॒दुः॒ । त्रयः॑ । स्क॒म्भासः॑ । स्क॒मि॒तासः॑ । आ॒ऽरभे॑ । त्रिः । नक्त॑म् । या॒थः । त्रिः । ऊँ॒ इति॑ । अ॒श्वि॒ना॒ । दिवा॑ ॥
त्रयः । पवयः । मधुवाहेन । रथे । सोमस्य । वेनाम् । अनु । विश्वे । इत् । विदुः । त्रयः । स्कम्भासः । स्कमितासः । आरभे । त्रिः । नक्तम् । याथः । त्रिः । ऊँ इति । अश्विना । दिवा ॥
trayaḥ | pavayaḥ | madhu-vāhena | rathe | somasya | venām | anu | viśve | it | viduḥ | trayaḥ | skambhāsaḥ | skamitāsaḥ | ārabhe | triḥ | naktam | yāthaḥ | triḥ | oṃ iti | aśvinā | divā
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.34.2 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“vajra; tire; rim.”
[noun], neuter
“honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“bringing; carrying.”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“spoor.”
[adverb]
“subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
[adverb]
“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative
“know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“prop.”
[verb noun], nominative, plural
“fixate; establish.”
[verb noun]
“begin; begin; undertake; do; take.”
[adverb]
“thrice; tris [word].”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“night; night.”
[verb], dual, Present indikative
“go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”
[adverb]
“thrice; tris [word].”
[adverb]
“ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”
[noun], vocative, dual, masculine
“Asvins; two.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”