Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.24.10

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒मी य ऋक्षा॒ निहि॑तास उ॒च्चा नक्तं॒ ददृ॑श्रे॒ कुह॑ चि॒द्दिवे॑युः । अद॑ब्धानि॒ वरु॑णस्य व्र॒तानि॑ वि॒चाक॑शच्च॒न्द्रमा॒ नक्त॑मेति ॥
अमी य ऋक्षा निहितास उच्चा नक्तं ददृश्रे कुह चिद्दिवेयुः । अदब्धानि वरुणस्य व्रतानि विचाकशच्चन्द्रमा नक्तमेति ॥
amī ya ṛkṣā nihitāsa uccā naktaṃ dadṛśre kuha cid diveyuḥ | adabdhāni varuṇasya vratāni vicākaśac candramā naktam eti ||

English translation:

“These constellations plural ced on high, which are visible by night, and go elsewhere by day, are the undisturbed holy acts of Varuṇa (and by his command) the moon moves resplendent by night.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Ṛkṣāḥ, constellations may be seven Ṛṣis, Ursa Major or constellations, in genitive ral. Constellations and the mo9on shine because of Varuṇa's piety (varuṇasya vratāni) since they shine by his command. A reference to asterisms: varuṇasya karmāṇi nakṣatra-darśanādirūpāṇi

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): śunaḥśepa ājīgartiḥ sa kṛtrimo vaiśvāmitro devarātaḥ [śunaśepa ājīgarti sa kṛtrima vaiśvāmitra devarāta];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): varuṇaḥ;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒मी इति॑ । ये । ऋक्षाः॑ । निऽहि॑तासः । उ॒च्चा । नक्त॑म् । ददृ॑श्रे । कुह॑ । चि॒त् । दिवा॑ । ई॒युः॒ । अद॑ब्धानि । वरु॑णस्य । व्र॒तानि॑ । वि॒ऽचाक॑शत् । च॒न्द्रमाः॑ । नक्त॑म् । ए॒ति॒ ॥
अमी इति । ये । ऋक्षाः । निहितासः । उच्चा । नक्तम् । ददृश्रे । कुह । चित् । दिवा । ईयुः । अदब्धानि । वरुणस्य । व्रतानि । विचाकशत् । चन्द्रमाः । नक्तम् । एति ॥
amī iti | ye | ṛkṣāḥ | ni-hitāsaḥ | uccā | naktam | dṛdaśre | kuha | cit | divā | īyuḥ | adabdhāni | varuṇasya | vratāni | vi-cākaśat | candramāḥ | naktam | eti

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.24.10 English analysis of grammar]

amī < adas

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“that; John Doe; yonder; from here.”

ya < ye < yad

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

ṛkṣā < ṛkṣāḥ < ṛkṣa

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“constellation; star; Nakṣatra; sign of the zodiac.”

nihitāsa < nihitāsaḥ < nidhā < √dhā

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“put; fill into; stow; insert; ignite; insert; add; put on; establish; keep down.”

uccā

[adverb]

“above.”

naktaṃ < naktam < nakta

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“night; night.”

dadṛśre < dṛś

[verb], plural, Perfect indicative

“see; observe; view; visit; look; learn; meet; read; teach; examine; watch; see; notice; perceive; diagnose; travel to; show; detect; know; know; understand; understand; follow.”

kuha

[adverb]

“wherein.”

cid < cit

[adverb]

“even; indeed.”

diveyuḥ < divā

[adverb]

“by day; divā [indecl.].”

diveyuḥ < īyuḥ < i

[verb], plural, Perfect indicative

“go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

adabdhāni < adabdha

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“unfailing; unimpaired.”

varuṇasya < varuṇa

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“Varuna; varuṇa [word]; Crataeva religiosa Forst.; Varuṇa; varuṇādi.”

vratāni < vrata

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“vrata (vote); commandment; law; oath; command; rule; custom; vrata [word]; rule; behavior.”

vicākaśac < vicākaśat < vicākaś < √kāś

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“inspect; visit.”

candramā < candramāḥ < candramas

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“moon; Candra; candramas.”

naktam < nakta

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“night; night.”

eti < i

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

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