Padarthadharmasamgraha and Nyayakandali
by Ganganatha Jha | 1915 | 250,428 words
The English translation of the Padarthadharmasamgraha of Prashastapada including the commentary called the Nyayakandali of Shridhara. Although the Padartha-dharma-sangraha is officially a commentary (bhashya) on the Vaisheshika-Sutra by Kanada, it is presented as an independent work on Vaisesika philosophy: It reorders and combines the original Sut...
Text 98
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of Text 98:
विद्यापि चतुर्विधा | प्रत्यक्षलैङ्गिकस्मृत्यार्षलक्षणा ॥ ९८ ॥
vidyāpi caturvidhā | pratyakṣalaiṅgikasmṛtyārṣalakṣaṇā || 98 ||
Text (98):—Vidyā also is of four kinds: (1) Directly sensuous, (2) Inferential, (3) Recollective and (4) Superhuman.—(III-i-8; IX-ii-1, 6, 23).
Commentary: The Nyāyakandalī of Śrīdhara.
(English rendering of Śrīdhara’s commentary called Nyāyakandalī or Nyāyakaṇḍalī from the 10th century)
The author proceeds to classify Vidyā, ‘Knowledge.’ Not only Ignorance, but Knowledge also is of four kinds. He mentions ‘direct sensuous’ knowledge first, because it is the cause of ‘inferential’ knowledge which comes after it; then he mentions ‘recollective’ knowledge, because we have remembrances of only such things as have been previously known either by the senses or by Inference. The ‘superhuman’ knowledge is mentioned at the end of the ordinary forms of knowledge, because it belongs only to superhuman beings.