Verse 4.104

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:

एतांस्त्वभ्युदितान् विद्याद् यदा प्रादुष्कृताग्निषु ।
तदा विद्यादनध्यायमनृतौ चाभ्रदर्शने ॥ १०४ ॥

etāṃstvabhyuditān vidyād yadā prāduṣkṛtāgniṣu |
tadā vidyādanadhyāyamanṛtau cābhradarśane || 104 ||

When these appear after the Fires have been lighted, then is it to be regarded as time unfit for study; as also when clouds are seen out of season.—(104)

 

Medhātithi’s commentary (manubhāṣya):

It does not make the time unfit for study, if the said things appear at any time: it is only when they appear, after the Fires have been lighted,’ ‘prāduṣkṛtāgniṣu;’—i.e., at the time of twilight; as it is only at these times that the Fires are always set ablaze for the purpose of pouring the libations. The term ‘prāduṣ’ signifies visibility.

‘Out of season.’—The ‘season’ is the Rainy season; other than this is the time beginning with the autumn; During that time, if clouds are seen. This also is meant to be taken along with the phrase, ‘after the Fires have been lighted.’—(104).

 

Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha

This verse is quoted in Vīramitrodaya (Saṃskāra, p. 530), which notes that the ‘agniprāduṣkaraṇa’ indicates the morning twilight; and that this Anadhyāya also is to be ākālikā (see verse 103);—in Hemādri (Kāla, p. 761);—in Saṃskāramayūkha (p. 58) in support of the view that the phenomena referred to should occur in the evening, or morning, and that there is no ‘holiday’ due to the mere appearance of clouds during the rainy season; it quotes

Dharmaprakāśa to the effect that ‘prāduṣkṛtāgniṣu’ (morning and evening) is to be taken with the ‘appearance of clouds’ also;—in Gadādharapaddhati (Kāla, p. 194);—in Varṣakriyākaumudī (p. 566), which explains ‘prāduṣkṛtāgniṣu’ as ‘at the times when the fire is kindled for the morning and evening Libations’, i.e., morning and evening, and the verse as meaning—‘when the three phenomena of lightning and the rest are perceived during the season (Rains), then one day and night should be treated as holiday’, and apart from the Rainy season, if mere clouds appear in the morning or evening, one day and night should be observed; but not so during the rains; the particle ‘ca’ implies that when lightning and thunder are heard apart from the Rainy season, there will be a holiday for one day and night;—and in Smṛticandrikā (Saṃskāra, p. 149), which explains ‘prāduṣkaraṇa’, as ‘viharaṇa’, furbishing,—and says it denotes the Twlights.

Gadādharapaddhati (Kāla, p. 197) quotes the opinion of Kalpataru to the effect that on the appearance of each of the phenomena individually, only the time of the appearance is to be treated as holiday. It adds that the accepted practice is that whenever dense clouds appear, apart from the Rains, it is treated as a holiday.

 

Comparative notes by various authors

(verses 4.103-104)

See Comparative notes for Verse 4.103.