Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

मौनान् मूर्खः प्रवचन-पटुर् बातुलो जल्पको वा क्षान्त्या भीरुर् यदि न सहते प्रायशो नाभिजातः ।
धृष्टः पार्श्वे वसति नियतं दूरतश् चाप्रगल्भः सेवा-धर्मः परम-गहनो योगिनाम् अप्य् अगम्यः ॥ २६ ॥

maunān mūrkhaḥ pravacana-paṭur bātulo jalpako vā kṣāntyā bhīrur yadi na sahate prāyaśo nābhijātaḥ |
dhṛṣṭaḥ pārśve vasati niyataṃ dūrataś cāpragalbhaḥ sevā-dharmaḥ parama-gahano yoginām apy agamyaḥ || 26 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 2.26 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (2.26). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Mauna, Murkha, Pravacana, Patu, Ula, Jalpaka, Kshanti, Bhiru, Yadi, Yad, Sahat, Sahata, Prayashah, Nabhijata, Dhrishta, Parshva, Parshvi, Vasati, Vasat, Niyata, Duratah, Duratas, Apragalbha, Seva, Dharma, Parama, Gahana, Yogin, Agamya,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 2.26). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “maunān mūrkhaḥ pravacana-paṭur bātulo jalpako kṣāntyā bhīrur yadi na sahate prāyaśo nābhijātaḥ
  • maunān -
  • mauna (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative plural], [ablative single]
    mauna (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
  • mūrkhaḥ -
  • mūrkha (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • pravacana -
  • pravacana (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    pravacana (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • paṭur -
  • paṭu (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • bāt -
  • ba (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
  • ulo* -
  • ula (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • jalpako* -
  • jalpaka (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • -
  • (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    (verb class 1)
    [imperative active second single]
  • kṣāntyā* -
  • kṣānti (noun, feminine)
    [ablative single], [genitive single]
    kṣāntī (noun, feminine)
    [ablative single], [genitive single]
  • bhīrur -
  • bhīru (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • yadi -
  • yadi (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    yadi (indeclinable relative)
    [indeclinable relative]
    yadi (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    yad (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • sahate -
  • sahat (noun, masculine)
    [dative single]
    sahat (noun, neuter)
    [dative single]
    sahatā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    sah -> sahat (participle, masculine)
    [dative single from √sah class 1 verb]
    sah -> sahat (participle, neuter)
    [dative single from √sah class 1 verb]
    sah (verb class 1)
    [present middle third single]
  • prāyaśo* -
  • prāyaśaḥ (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
  • nābhijātaḥ -
  • nābhijāta (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • Line 2: “dhṛṣṭaḥ pārśve vasati niyataṃ dūrataś cāpragalbhaḥ sevā-dharmaḥ parama-gahano yoginām apy agamyaḥ
  • dhṛṣṭaḥ -
  • dhṛṣṭa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • pārśve -
  • pārśva (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    pārśva (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    pārśvi (noun, masculine)
    [vocative single]
    pārśvi (noun, feminine)
    [vocative single]
    pārśvā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
  • vasati -
  • vasati (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    vasati (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    vasati (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    vasatī (noun, feminine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
    vas -> vasat (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √vas class 1 verb]
    vas -> vasat (participle, neuter)
    [locative single from √vas class 1 verb]
    vas (verb class 1)
    [present active third single]
  • niyatam -
  • niyata (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    niyata (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    niyatā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • dūrataś -
  • dūrataḥ (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    dūratas (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • apragalbhaḥ -
  • apragalbha (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • sevā* -
  • sevā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • dharmaḥ -
  • dharma (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • parama -
  • parama (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    parama (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • gahano* -
  • gahana (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • yoginām -
  • yogin (noun, masculine)
    [genitive plural]
    yogin (noun, neuter)
    [genitive plural]
  • Cannot analyse apy*ag
  • agamyaḥ -
  • agamya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 2.26

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 2.26 in Gujarati sript:
મૌનાન્ મૂર્ખઃ પ્રવચન-પટુર્ બાતુલો જલ્પકો વા ક્ષાન્ત્યા ભીરુર્ યદિ ન સહતે પ્રાયશો નાભિજાતઃ ।
ધૃષ્ટઃ પાર્શ્વે વસતિ નિયતં દૂરતશ્ ચાપ્રગલ્ભઃ સેવા-ધર્મઃ પરમ-ગહનો યોગિનામ્ અપ્ય્ અગમ્યઃ ॥ ૨૬ ॥

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