Vyayama, Vyāyāma: 19 definitions
Introduction:
Vyayama means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botanyVyāyāma (व्यायाम) refers to “physical exercise”. The term is used throughout Ayurvedic literature such as the Suśruta-saṃhitā and the Caraka-saṃhitā.
Source: archive.org: Vagbhata’s Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita (first 5 chapters)Vyāyāma (व्यायाम) refers to “gymnastics” or “exertion”, which is mentioned in verse 3.19, 4.18 and 15.24 of the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā (Sūtrasthāna) by Vāgbhaṭa.—Accordingly, “[...] Having removed the surplus phlegm by pungent emetics and sternutatories etc., by light and rough food, (and) by gymnastics [viz., vyāyāma], massage, and treading [...]”.
Note (verse 3.19): Vyāyāma (“gymnastics”) (~rtsol-ba 2.10, 12, 13) has been omitted, unless bcag is a short form of rtsol-bcag (which corresponds to vyāyāma in 14.7); then āghāta (“treading”) would be absent.
Note (verse 15.24): The equivalent vyāyāna (“exertion”), the phrase zas rgod, is rather obscure and its translation by “move hither and thither in (seeking) food” only tentative. The ordinary meaning of rgod-pa is (“wild”); in Suvarṇaprabhāsasūtra p. 170.30 it corresponds to Sanskrit lola (“unsteady”). There is just an off chance that zas rgod is corrupt for rgod zas, in which case rgod alone would have to be equated to vyāyāma and zas interpreted as the object of za-ba.
Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of termsVyāyāma (व्यायाम):—Exercise; The act or movement of the body that causes fatigue. Etymologically the meaning oy Vyayama(व्ययम) is intensive development of self control of the mind over body or intensive bending of the body in various direction.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the GaganagañjaparipṛcchāVyāyāma (व्यायाम) refers to “exertion”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, as Gaganagañja said to Ratnapāṇi: “Son of good family, the thirty-two dharmas are included in sixty-four dharmas. What are those sixty-four? [...] (25) liberating is included in correct eliminations and not giving up effort; (26) never turning back is included in courage and exertion (vyāyāma); (27) the words of others is included in spiritual friends and striving for the dharma; (28) thorough mental effort is included in the accumulations of peaceful meditation and expanded vision; [...]’”.
Source: WikiPedia: Mahayana BuddhismVyāyāma (व्यायाम) (Tibetan: rtsol-ba) refers to “exertion” (which is applied as an antidote for laziness), and represents one of the eight Pratipakṣa (“applications”) or Abhisaṃskāra (“applications”) (applied to overcome the five faults), according to Kamalaśīla and the Śrāvakabhūmi section of the Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
General definition (in Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-samgrahaVyāyāma (व्यायाम, “endeavour”) refers to one of the “eight practices for the abandoning of conditions” (saṃskāra) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 119). The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., vyāyāma). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryVyāyāma, =vāyāma DhsA. 146. (Page 654)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryvyāyāma (व्यायाम).—m S Athletic exercise; as playing with heavy clubs, wielding a bow with a chain &c. &c.: also exercise (of the body) in general. 2 A fathom.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishvyāyāma (व्यायाम).—m Exercise. A fathom.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryVyāyāma (व्यायाम).—
1) Entending, stretching out; व्यायामसहमत्यर्थं तृणराजसमं महत् (vyāyāmasahamatyarthaṃ tṛṇarājasamaṃ mahat) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 4.4.6.
2) Exercise, gymnastic or athletic exercise; व्यायामयोगः (vyāyāmayogaḥ) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 12.59.53 (com. vyāyāmayogaḥ āyudhaprayogābhyāsaḥ); स्थाने शमवतां शक्त्या व्यायामे वृद्धिरङ्गिनाम् (sthāne śamavatāṃ śaktyā vyāyāme vṛddhiraṅginām) Śiśupālavadha 2.94.
3) Fatigue, labour; व्यायामेन च तेनास्य जज्ञे शिरसि वेदना (vyāyāmena ca tenāsya jajñe śirasi vedanā) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 3.297.2.
4) Effort, exertion.
5) Contention, struggle; व्यायामं मुष्टिभिः कृत्वा तलैरपि समा- गतैः (vyāyāmaṃ muṣṭibhiḥ kṛtvā talairapi samā- gataiḥ) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 3.167.4;5.138.25.
6) Business, occupation.
7) A difficulty.
8) A measure of distance (= vyāma q. v.).
9) Training of the army; व्यायामः स्वसैन्यानाम् (vyāyāmaḥ svasainyānām) Kau. A.1.16.
Derivable forms: vyāyāmaḥ (व्यायामः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryVyāyāma (व्यायाम).—m.
(-maḥ) 1. Fatigue, labour. 2. A fathom, measured by the distance to which both arms extended reach. 3. Gymnastics, athletic exercise, as playing with heavy clubs, yielding a bow with a chain in place of a string, alternate rising and falling at full length on the ground, &c. 4. Manhood, manliness. 5. A difficulty. 6. A diffcult or impassable defile, &c. 7. Business, occupation. E. vi and āṅ before yam to refrain, aff. ghañ .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryVyāyāma (व्यायाम).—i. e. vi-ā-yam + a, m. 1. Athletic exercise. 2. Exertion, fighting, [Arjunasamāgama] 3, 40. 3. Manhood, manliness, Mahābhārata 13, 542. 4. Occupation, business. 5. A difficulty. 6. Fatigue, labour, [Sāvitryupākhyāna] 5, 2. 7. A fathom (see vyāma).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryVyāyāma (व्यायाम).—[masculine] exertion, bodily exercise, struggle, fight; a fathom (cf. vyāma).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Vyāyāma (व्यायाम):—[=vy-āyāma] [from vyā-yam] m. dragging different ways, contest, strife, struggle, [Atharva-veda; Mahābhārata]
2) [v.s. ...] exertion, manly effort, athletic or gymnastic exercise (e.g., ‘playing with heavy clubs’, ‘drawing a bow with a chain’ etc.), [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.
3) [v.s. ...] (ifc.) exercise or practise in [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa; Suśruta]
4) [v.s. ...] (with Buddhists) right exercise or training, [Monier-Williams’ Buddhism 44] (cf. [Dharmasaṃgraha 119])
5) [v.s. ...] ‘drawing out, extending’, a [particular] measure of length, fathom (= vi-yāma and vy-āma), [Śulba-sūtra]
6) [v.s. ...] a difficult passage, any difficulty (?), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryVyāyāma (व्यायाम):—[vyā+yāma] (maḥ) 1. m. Stretching out the arms for measuring; a fathom; fatigue, labour; athletic exercise; manhood; difficulty; business.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Vyāyāma (व्यायाम) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Vāyāma, Vāyama.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryVyāyāma (व्यायाम) [Also spelled vyayam]:—(nm) physical exercise, exercise; gymnastics; ~[śālā] a gymnasium.
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Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusVyāyāma (ವ್ಯಾಯಾಮ):—
1) [noun] = ವ್ಯಾಮ - [vyama -] 1.
2) [noun] activity for the purpose of training or developing the body; systematic bodily exercise.
3) [noun] a hard and sincere try; an endeavour.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Vyayamabhumi, Vyayamakalaha, Vyayamakarshita, Vyayamana, Vyayamaprayoga, Vyayamasahatva, Vyayamashakti, Vyayamashala, Vyayamashale, Vyayamashila, Vyayamavant, Vyayamavarga, Vyayamavat, Vyayamavid, Vyayamavidya.
Ends with: Avyayama, Bahuvyayama, Dvivyayama, Samyagvyayama, Samyak-vyayama.
Full-text (+16): Vayama, Vyayamin, Avyayama, Vyayamashila, Vyayamika, Vyayamaprayoga, Vyayamashala, Vyayamavid, Vyayamabhumi, Vyayamakarshita, Vyayamavidya, Vyayamakalaha, Vyayamavat, Bahuvyayama, Dvivyayama, Samyagvyayama, Vyayamasahatva, Baudhik, Samyak-vyayama, Sharirik.
Relevant text
Search found 21 books and stories containing Vyayama, Vy-ayama, Vy-āyāma, Vyāyāma; (plurals include: Vyayamas, ayamas, āyāmas, Vyāyāmas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Bharadvaja-srauta-sutra (by C. G. Kashikar)
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 5.7.12 < [Chapter 7 - The Killing of Kuvalayāpīḍa]
Shishupala-vadha (Study) (by Shila Chakraborty)
Ṣāḍguṇya according to Kauṭilaya < [Chapter 3 - Six fold policies of a king (Ṣāḍguṇya)]
Ṣāḍguṇya in the Śiśupālavadha < [Chapter 3 - Six fold policies of a king (Ṣāḍguṇya)]
Gati in Theory and Practice (by Dr. Sujatha Mohan)
Manifestation of Gati in Cārīs and Karaṇas (Introduction) < [Chapter 2 - Concept and technique of Gati]
Relevant Sthānas and Nyāyas related to perform the Gati < [Chapter 2 - Concept and technique of Gati]
Performance of Cārī < [Chapter 2 - Concept and technique of Gati]
Atharvaveda and Charaka Samhita (by Laxmi Maji)
Ulcers (vraṇa) according to Caraka < [Chapter 4 - Diseases and Remedial measures (described in Caraka-saṃhitā)]
1b. Study of Fever (Jvara) in the Caraka-Saṃhita < [Chapter 5 - Diseases and Remedies in Atharvaveda and Caraka-Saṃhitā]
Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita (by Nayana Sharma)
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