Tagara, Ṭagara, Tagārā: 28 definitions
Introduction:
Tagara means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Tagar.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Kalpa (Formulas, Drug prescriptions and other Medicinal preparations)
Source: Shodhganga: Edition translation and critical study of yogasarasamgrahaTagara (तगर) refers to the medicinal plant known as “Valeriana jatamansi Jones” and is dealt with in the 15th-century Yogasārasaṅgraha (Yogasara-saṅgraha) by Vāsudeva: an unpublished Keralite work representing an Ayurvedic compendium of medicinal recipes. The Yogasārasaṃgraha [mentioning tagara] deals with entire recipes in the route of administration, and thus deals with the knowledge of pharmacy (bhaiṣajya-kalpanā) which is a branch of pharmacology (dravyaguṇa).
Toxicology (Study and Treatment of poison)
Source: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita—Text on Visha ChikitsaTagara (तगर) refers to an herbal ingredient included in a Recipe which will bring a dead person to life, according to the Kāśyapa Saṃhitā: an ancient Sanskrit text from the Pāñcarātra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Viṣacikitsā—an important topic from Āyurveda which deals with the study of Toxicology (Viṣavidyā or Sarpavidyā).—Kāśyapa prescribes various antidotes to quell the poison by administering them through nasal drugs, collyrium, ointment, herbal drinks and diet. One antidote he suggests doubles up as a nasal application and collyrium—[including for example, tagara] [...], made with urine (bovine) which will bring to life, a dead person.
Unclassified Ayurveda definitions
Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botanyTagara (तगर) is a Sanskrit word referring to “valerian”, a herb from the Valerianaceae family, and is used throughout Ayurvedic literature such as the Caraka-saṃhitā. It is also known by the names Tagaraka and Nata. The official botanical name of the plant is Valeriana jatamansi, which is a sub-species of Valeriana wallichii (or, Valeriana jatamansi), and is commonly known in English as “Indian Valerian” or “Tagar-ganthoda”. It is native to India. Nepal and China It is also known by the synonym Sanskrit names tagaraka and nata. As a traditional medicine, it is used in various recipes and used against sleep problems, obesity and other issues.
Source: archive.org: Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency (ayurveda)Tagara denotes the shrub Tabernaemontana coronaria, which belongs to the same family with the oleander and grows freely in this part of the country, and the flowers of which are used in the worship of idols.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by VarahamihiraTagara (तगर) refers to the plant “Casia tera”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 16) (“On the planets—graha-bhaktiyoga”), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “[...] Jupiter also presides over elephants, horses, priests, rulers, ministers, marriages and health; over mercy, truthfulness, cleanliness, religious observances; over learning, gifts and charity; over citizens, rich men, grammarians, Vedic students, sorcerers, lawyers, the ensigns of royalty—the umbrella, the flag-staff, the Cāmara and the like; over Śaileyaka, Mānsī, Tagara, Kuṣṭha, quicksilver, salt, beans, sweet flavour, wax and Coraka”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
In Buddhism
Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Pali Kanon: Pali Proper NamesA city in the time of Dhammadassi Buddha; it was the capital of King Sanjaya. BuA.p.183.
Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita SastraTagara (तगर) is a highly-scented tree known as Tabernaemontana coronaria. Also see the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XX).
Source: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on AgricultureTagara (तगर) refers to a particular substance (suitable for an offering ceremony), according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly [as the Bhagavān taught the detailed offering-manual], “[...] Four Nāga kings should be prepared in the middle of the ditch. [...] Decorations should be made with ribbons and banners. Worship should be performed. One should perfume agaru, sandal and olibanum, and combine tagara, nalada, kunduruka, liquor, parched grain, mustard seed and sarja-resin with honey. It should be enchanted with the mantra twenty-one times and incense should be offered for the Nāgas. [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: archive.org: TrisastisalakapurusacaritraTagara (तगर) is the name of a tree found on mount Kṣudrahima, as mentioned in chapter 1.4 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.
Accordingly:
“[...] The King [Bharata] went by its path, like a river by a channel, as it went by a path in the east to Mt. Kṣudrahimavat. Going with ease like a noble-elephant, the King arrived after a few marches at the southern slope of mount Kṣudrahima, which was covered with birch, tagara, and deodar groves. The King established his camp there, like Indra in Pāṇḍaka. Concentrating on the deity of Kṣudrahimavat, Ārṣabhi made a four days’ fast, auspicious and of prime importance for the accomplishment of actions”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Source: archive.org: Gazetteer of the Bombay PresidencyTagara or Tagarapura may be Kolhāpur, or, rather, Karavīra, which, now only a small village on the north side of Kolhāpur, has furnished the foundation for both the customary vernacular name for the State, viz. the Karavīra Ilākhā, and the title of the local Purāṇa, viz. the Karavīra-māhātmya, and must, therefore, have been the original settlement. There is a connection in meaning between the names of Tagara and Karavīra: the word tagara denotes the shrub Tabernaemontana coronaria, which belongs to the same family with the oleander and grows freely in this part of the country, and the flowers of which are used in the worship of idols; and karavīra denotes the Nerium odorum, the fragrant oleander, also growing freely in this part of the country, of which, similarly, the flowers are used in the worship of idols.
Source: What is India: Inscriptions of the Śilāhāras1) Tagara (तगर).—The Śilāhāras originally hailed from Tagara. This place was a famous emporium in ancient times. Though its modern representative Ter is now included in Mahārāṣṭra, it was originally situated in the Kannaḍa territory.
2a) Tagara is the name of a village mentioned in the “Ṭhāṇā plates of Arikesarin”.—Accordingly, “Now, while the Mahāmaṇḍaleśvara, the illustrious king Arikesarideva,—who, by his religious merit, has obtained the five mahāśabdas and who is adorned with all royal titles such as ‘the lord of the city of Tagara’”.
2b) Tagara is also mentioned in the “Bassein stone inscription of Mallikārjuna”. Tagara has already been identified with Ter in the Osmanabad District.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Wisdom Library: Local Names of Plants and DrugsTagara [ತಗರ] in the Kannada language is the name of a plant identified with Tabernaemontana divaricata Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult. from the Apocynaceae (Oleander) family having the following synonyms: Tabernaemontana citrifolia, Tabernaemontana coronaria, Nerium coronarium. For the possible medicinal usage of tagara, you can check this page for potential sources and references, although be aware that any some or none of the side-effects may not be mentioned here, wether they be harmful or beneficial to health.
Tagara in the Kannada language is the name of a plant identified with Valeriana jatamansi Jones from the Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle) family having the following synonyms: Valeriana wallichii, Valeriana harmsii, Valeriana mairei.
Tagara in the Telugu language, ibid. previous identification.
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)1) Tagara in India is the name of a plant defined with Delphinium brunonianum in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices.
2) Tagara is also identified with Delphinium cashmerianum.
3) Tagara is also identified with Delphinium glaciale.
4) Tagara is also identified with Senna sophera It has the synonym Cassia linearis Michx. (etc.).
5) Tagara is also identified with Senna tora It has the synonym Cassia obtusifolia L. (etc.).
6) Tagara is also identified with Tabernaemontana divaricata It has the synonym Reichardia grandiflora Dennst. (etc.).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschapen (1790)
· Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club (1896)
· Plant Systematics and Evolution (1986)
· Kromosomo (1787)
· Journal of Cytology and Genetics (1994)
· Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2005)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Tagara, for example side effects, pregnancy safety, extract dosage, health benefits, diet and recipes, chemical composition, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarytagara : (nt.) fragrant shrub.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryTagara, (nt.) the shrub Tabernaemontana coronaria, and a fragrant powder or perfume obtained from it, incense Vin. I, 203; It. 68 (=Udānavarga p. 112, No. 8); Dh. 54, 55, 56 (candana+); J. IV, 286; VI, 100 (the shrub) 173 (id.); Miln. 338; Dāvs. V, 50; DhA. I, 422 (tagara-mallikā two kinds of gandhā). (Page 292)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarytagara (तगर).—f A flowering shrub, Tabernæ montana coronaria. 2 n C The flower of it. 3 m P A ram.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishtagara (तगर).—f A flowering shrub. n The flower of it. A ram.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryṬagara (टगर).—a. Squint-eyed.
-raḥ 1 Borax.
2) Wanton play or sport.
3) Confusion.
4) An object of sense.
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Tagara (तगर).—A kind of plant; Mahābhārata (Bombay) 13.14.87.
-ram, tagarakam A kind of perfume (Tabernaemontana coronaria) and a fragrant powder prepared from it; Nm.
Derivable forms: tagaraḥ (तगरः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryṬagara (टगर).—mfn.
(-raḥ-rā-raṃ) Squint-eyed. m.
(-raḥ) 1. Borax. 2. Wanton play or sport. 3. Wandering of the mind, confusion, perplexity. 4. An object of sense.
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Tagara (तगर).—m.
(-raḥ) 1. A shrub, (Tabernæmontana coronaria.) 2. A thorny shrub, (Vangueria spinosa.) 3. Another plant, commonly Tagaramula. gṝ ac . tasya kroḍasya garaḥ .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryTagara (तगर).—n. An ornamental plant, Tabernæmontana coronaria, and an aromatic powder made of it, Mahābhārata 13, 5042.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Ṭagara (टगर):—mfn. squint-eyed, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
2) m. borax, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā xvi, 25]
3) = helā-vibhrama-gocara, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) Tagara (तगर):—[from tagaḍa-vallī] n. (m., [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]) = raka, [Kauśika-sūtra 16; Mahābhārata xiii, 5042; Buddhist literature; Suśruta; Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā lxxvii, 5 ff.]
5) [v.s. ...] n. = -pura, [Romakasiddhānta]
6) [v.s. ...] = sthakara or sthagara, a [particular] fragrant powder (Bloomfield’s [Atharva-veda], p. 311).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Ṭagara (टगर):—(raḥ) 1. m. Borax; wanton play; wandering of mind, an object of sense. a. Squint-eyed.
2) Tagara (तगर):—(raḥ) 1. m. A tree (Tabernæmontana coronaria), &c.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Tagara (तगर) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Ṭagara, Tagarā.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryTagāra (तगार) [Also spelled tagar]:—([ḍa]) (nm) a reservoir for mixing lime and mortar; a big hollow utensil.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary1) Ṭagara (टगर) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Tagara.
2) Tagarā (तगरा) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Tagarā.
3) Tagarā (तगरा) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Tagarā.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusTagara (ತಗರ):—[noun] 'a soft, silver-white, crystalline, metallic chemical element, malleable at ordinary temperatures, capable of a high polish, and used as an alloy in tin foils, solders, utensils,
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Tagara (ತಗರ):—
1) [noun] the plant Tabernaemontana divaricata ( = T. coronaria, =Ervatamia coronaria) of Apocynaceae family.
2) [noun] its fragrant, white flower.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Tagarabugari, Tagarachettu, Tagarah, Tagarai, Tagaraka, Tagaranniram, Tagarapadika, Tagarapati, Tagarapura, Tagarashikhin, Tagarasi, Tagarasikhi, Tagaravalli, Tagarawal, Tagaray-elley.
Ends with (+58): Adalitagara, Agamtagara, Anantatagara, Annavamtagara, Annavattagara, Astagara, Atagara, Atamatagara, Banatagara, Bemtagara, Butagara, Camdatagara, Catagara, Cemdatagara, Cittagara, Devatagara, Dittagara, Duditagara, Gamdhikatagara, Gamdigatagara.
Full-text (+91): Kalanusaraka, Tagarapadika, Tagarika, Kalaparna, Pinditagara, Tagarapura, Vinamraka, Tagadavalli, Tagariki, Rajaharshana, Katucchada, Ahulya, Kalanusarya, Dipana, Sthagara, Tankana, Tagaravalli, Lokhandi Tagara, Teraka, Tagarashikhin.
Relevant text
Search found 45 books and stories containing Tagara, Ṭagara, Tagāra, Tagarā, Tagārā, Tagaara; (plurals include: Tagaras, Ṭagaras, Tagāras, Tagarās, Tagārās, Tagaaras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
Appendix 1 - Parable of the perfume of flowers (puṣpagandha) < [Chapter XXI - Discipline or Morality]
Act 10.8: The Sahā universe transforms into jewels < [Chapter XV - The Arrival of the Bodhisattvas of the Ten Directions]
Part 3 - Benefits of morality < [Chapter XXI - Discipline or Morality]
Dhammapada (Illustrated) (by Ven. Weagoda Sarada Maha Thero)
Verse 54-55 - The Story of the Question Raised by the Venerable Ānanda < [Chapter 4 - Puppha Vagga (Flowers)]
Verse 56 - The Story of Monk Mahākassapa < [Chapter 4 - Puppha Vagga (Flowers)]
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 1.13.27 < [Chapter 13 - The Liberation of Pūtanā]
Verse 4.19.57 < [Chapter 19 - A Thousand Names of Srī Yamunā]
The Garuda Purana (by Manmatha Nath Dutt)
Chapter CCIII - Various other medicinal Recipes (continued) < [Dhanvantari Samhita]
Chapter CXCIX - Various other medicinal Recipes < [Dhanvantari Samhita]
Chapter CCVI - Various other medicinal Recipes (continued) < [Dhanvantari Samhita]
Kautilya Arthashastra (by R. Shamasastry)
Chapter 4 - Remedies Against the Injuries of One’s Own Army < [Book 14 - Secret Means]
The Agni Purana (by N. Gangadharan)
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