Sindhu, Simdhu: 47 definitions

Introduction
Image gallery
In Hinduism
1. Vaishnavism
2. Purana
3. Natyashastra
4. Kavya
5. Chandas
6. Ayurveda
7. Jyotisha
8. General definition
In Buddhism
1. Theravada
2. Tibetan Buddhism
In Jainism
1. General definition
India history
Languages
1. Pali
2. Marathi
3. Sanskrit
4. Hindi
5. Prakrit
6. Kannada
See also
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Introduction:

Sindhu means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Images (photo gallery)

In Hinduism

Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)

Source: ISKCON Press: Glossary

Sindhu (सिन्धु).—A province in Bharata that was ruled by Jayadratha.

context information

Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: Wisdom Library: Varāha-purāṇa

Sindhu (सिन्धु).—Name of a river originating from Himālaya, a holy mountain (kulaparvata) in Bhārata, according to the Varāhapurāṇa chapter 85. There are settlements (janapada) where Āryas and Mlecchas dwell who drink water from these rivers.

Bhārata is a region south of Hemādri, once ruled over by Bharata (son of Ṛṣabha), whose ancestral lineage can be traced back to Svāyambhuva Manu, who was created by Brahmā, who was in turn created by Nārāyaṇa, the unknowable all-pervasive primordial being.

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

1) Sindhu (सिन्धु).—A river in India, very famous in the Purāṇas. General information. It is assumed in the Purāṇas that this river is a branch of the heavenly Gaṅgā. By the efforts of Bhagīratha, the heavenly Gaṅgā fell on the earth in the Lake Bindu. After that it had six channels. Three channels flowed to the east and three to the west. The rivers which flowed to the East were Hlādinī, Pāvanī and Nalinī. The three rivers Sucakṣus, Sītā and Sindhu flowed to the west. This seventh branch followed Bhagīratha and flowed to Pātāla to perform obsequies to the sons of Sagara. Other details.

(i) Saṃvaraṇa, a King, who was defeated by his enemies, hid himself for a while in the natural arbours on the basin of Sindhu. (Mahābhārata Ādi Parva, Chapter 94, Verse 40).

(ii) Sindhu remains in the palace of Varuṇa and glorifies him. (Mahābhārata Sabhā Parva, Chapter 9, Verse 19).

(iii) Once Mārkaṇḍeya happened to see the river Sindhu in the stomach of child Mukunda. (Mahābhārata Vana Parva, Chapter 188, Verse 103).

(iv) Sindhu is considered to be the origin of Agni (Fire.) (Mahābhārata Vana Parva, Chapter 242, Verse 22).

(v) Sindhu is one of the seven channels of Gaṅgā. (Mahābhārata Bhīṣma Parva, Chapter 6, Verse 48).

(vi) By bathing in the river Sindhu, one could attain heaven. (Mahābhārata Anuśāsana Parva, Chapter 25 Verse 8).

(vii) Once Pārvatī held a talk on the duties of women. All the rivers met to hear the talk. Sindhu was prominent among the rivers who were present. (Mahābhārata Anusāsana Parva, Chapter 146, Verse 18).

(viii) This is one of the rivers which ought to be remembered every morning and evening. (Mahābhārata Anuśāsana Parva, Chapter 165, Verse 19).

(ix) Mention about river Sindhu occurs throughout the Ṛgveda. Prominent rivers mentioned in Ṛgveda are Kubhā, Sindhu, Suvāstu, Vitastā, Asiknī, Paruṣṇī, Vipāśā, Śatadrū, Sarasvatī etc. (See full article at Story of Sindhu from the Puranic encyclopaedia by Vettam Mani)

2) Sindhu (सिन्धु).—A country very famous in the Purāṇas. Jayadratha the King of Sindhu was present at the Svayaṃvara marriage of Draupadī (Mahābhārata, Ādi Parva, Chapter 185, Verse 21).

Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

Sindhu (सिन्धु) is the name of a sacred river as mentioned in the Śivapurāṇa 1.12, “somehow men must strive to find a residence in a holy centre. On the shores of the ocean in the confluence of hundreds of rivers there are many such holy centres (puṇyakṣetra or tīrtha) and temples. [...] The devotees of Śiva are the bestowers of Śivaloka and accord cherished desires. [...] When the sun is in Karkaṭaka or Siṃha one shall take bath in the Sindhu (Indus). On that occasion the drinking of the sacred water of Kedāra and ablution therein accords perfect knowledge”.

Note: This sacred river of Ancient India, takes its rise from the Himalayas, flows in the Western Pakistan and falls into the Western Sea.

Sindhu is mentioned as one of the seven holy Gaṅgas (saptagaṅgā), according to Śivapurāṇa 1.15. Accordingly, regarding the benefit in the rites of Devayajña:—“[...] a temple, the bank of a holy tank, the bank of an ordinary river, the bank of a holy river and the banks of the seven holy Gaṅgās (saptagaṅgā) are each of ten times more benefit than the previous. The seven holy Gaṅgās are Gaṅgā, Godāvarī, Kāverī, Tāmraparṇikā, Sindhu, Sarayū and Revā. The shores of the sea are of ten times more benefit than the previous. The summit of a mountain is of ten times more benefit than the shores of the sea”.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) Sindhu (सिन्धु).—A river in Bhārata varṣa: The region round about fell into the hands of Vrātyas and others;¹ a mahānadī: falls into the western ocean: fit for śrāddha.²

1) Bhāgavata-purāṇa V. 19. 18; XII. 1. 39; Vāyu-purāṇa 45. 97.
2) Ib. 47. 39; 69. 241; 77. 56, 113; 108. 79.

1b) (c). Its king was Jayadratha, who was a contemporary of Jarāsandha: was stationed on the east of Gomanta during the siege.^*

* Bhāgavata-purāṇa X. 52. 11 [6].

1c) A Kṣetram in Prayāgā.^*

* Matsya-purāṇa 110. 1.

1d) One of the three branches of the Gangā from the Pāriyātra hill flowing to the north;¹ in the chariot of Tripurāri;² flows through the kingdoms of Darada, Kāśmīra, Gāndhāra and others: falls into the western ocean;³ noted for Padma elephants;⁴ north and south of, unfit for śrāddha;⁵ confluence of, with the sea holy.⁶

1) Matsya-purāṇa 114. 20; 121. 40; Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 16. 24, 27.
2) Matsya-purāṇa 133. 23; 163. 62.
3) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 18. 41, 46-7; III. 13. 121.
4) Ib. III. 7. 358.
5) Ib. III. 14. 33 and 81.
6) Ib. III. 13. 57.

Source: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and places

Sindhu (सिन्धु) refers to the name of a River mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. I.89.34). Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Sindhu) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.

Sindhu is also mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. VI.10.39, VI.10.52, VI.20.10, VIII.4.11, VIII.4.11) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places.

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstra

Sindhu (सिन्धु) is the name of a country pertaining to the Āvantī local usage (pravṛtti) according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 14. It is also known by the name Saindhava. These pravṛttis provide information regarding costumes, languages, and manners in different countries of the world. It is mentioned that this local usage (adopted by these countries) depends on the grand style (sāttvatī) and the graceful style (kaiśikī).

context information

Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

Kavya (poetry)

Source: Shodhganga: The Kavyamimamsa of Rajasekhara

Sindhu (सिन्धु) is the name a locality mentioned in Rājaśekhara’s 10th-century Kāvyamīmāṃsā.—The river Indus. According to Rājaśekhara it is situated in the Northern India.

context information

Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.

Chandas (prosody, study of Sanskrit metres)

Source: Shodhganga: a concise history of Sanskrit Chanda literature

Sindhu (सिन्धु) is the name of the grand-father of Kṣemendra, who was otherwise known as Vyāsadāsa as most of the colophons of his works attribute to him. Kṣemendra was the son of Prakāśendra, grandson of Sindhu and father of Somendra and also the brother of Cakrapāla. He was also the descendant of Narendra, the minister of King Jayāpīḍa.

context information

Chandas (छन्दस्) refers to Sanskrit prosody and represents one of the six Vedangas (auxiliary disciplines belonging to the study of the Vedas). The science of prosody (chandas-shastra) focusses on the study of the poetic meters such as the commonly known twenty-six metres mentioned by Pingalas.

Ayurveda (science of life)

Dietetics and Culinary Art (such as household cooking)

Source: Shodhganga: Dietetics and culinary art in ancient and medieval India

Sindhu (सिन्धु) is an important river whose water (jala) qualities are described in the Bhojanakutūhala (dravyaguṇāguṇa-kathana), and is commonly found in literature dealing with the topics of dietetics and culinary art, also known as Pākaśāstra or Pākakalā.—Different types of water (jala) and their properties are mentioned here [viz., in jala-prakaraṇa]. The text explains the qualities of the water of certain important rivers like [viz., Sindhu].

Toxicology (Study and Treatment of poison)

Source: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita—Text on Visha Chikitsa

Sindhu (सिन्धु) is the name of a herbal ingredient which is included in a (snake) poison antidote recipe, according to the Kāśyapa Saṃhitā: an ancient Sanskrit text from the Pāñcarātra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Viṣacikitsā—an important topic from Āyurveda which deals with the study of Toxicology (Viṣavidyā or Sarpavidyā).—In the Añjana or Collyrium segment of the eighth Adhyāya, Kāśyapa prescribes eight types of permutation and combination of herbs that effectively arrest poison. According to Kāśyapasaṃhitā (verse VIII.39b-40), “Arjuna, Kuṣṭha, Nata, Vyoma, Tulasī, Śāribā, Dhana, Helā, Hiṅgu,Vacā,Yaṣṭhi,Vilaṅga, Sindhu, honey boiled in the latex of Palāśa and salt water and stored in the horn of a cow, applied as collyrium treats poison effectively”.

context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

1) Sindhu (सिन्धु) is the name of a river (the Indus), according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 5), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “If Mars should be eclipsed by Rāhu [—the eclipsed or eclipsing lunar or solar disc as the case may be], the people of Āvanti, those living on the banks of the Kāverī and the Narmada and haughty princes will be afflicted with miseries. [...] If Jupiter should be so eclipsed, learned men, kings, ministers, elephants and horses will perish and persons living on the banks of the Indus [i.e., sindhu-taṭa-vāsin] and in the northern countries will suffer calamities”.

2) Sindhu (सिन्धु) [=Sindhusauvīra?] refers to a country belonging to “Nairṛtī (south-western division)” classified under the constellations of Svāti, Viśākhā and Anurādhā, according to the system of Kūrmavibhāga, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 14).—Accordingly, “The countries of the Earth beginning from the centre of Bhāratavarṣa and going round the east, south-east, south, etc., are divided into 9 divisions corresponding to the 27 lunar asterisms at the rate of 3 for each division and beginning from Kṛttikā. The constellations of Svāti, Viśākhā and Anurādhā represent the south-western division consisting of [i.e., Sindhu, Sauvīra] [...]”.

3) Sindhu (सिन्धु) [=Sindhukālaka ?] also refers to a country belonging to “Nairṛtī (south-western division)” classified under the constellations of Svāti, Viśākhā and Anurādhā, according to the system of Kūrmavibhāga.

context information

Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

General definition (in Hinduism)

Source: archive.org: Personal and geographical names in the Gupta inscriptions (hinduism)

Sindhu (सिन्धु) in the Ṛgveda and the Atharvaveda often means simply a ‘stream’. The Ṛgveda (VIII.24.27) refers to ‘Sapta Sindhavaḥ’ or ‘the seven rivers’. But it is also used in the more exact sense of the ‘stream’ par excellence or ‘The Indus’. We get a reference to Sindhu as a river in the Amarakośa. The territories adjoining it were famous for horses and salt. The river Sindhu is mentioned in the Purāṇas along with the Gaṅgā, Sarasvatī, Satluj, Chinab and Yamunā.

Source: archive.org: Indian Historical Quarterly Vol. 7

Sindhu (सिन्धु) is the name of a country classified as both Hādi and Kādi (two types of Tantrik division), according to the 13th century Sammoha-tantra (fol. 7).—There are ample evidences to prove that the zone of heterodox Tantras went far beyond the natural limits of India. [...] The zones in the Sammoha-tantra [viz., Sindhu] are here fixed according to two different Tantrik modes, known as Kādi and Hādi.

Source: WikiPedia: Hinduism

Sindhu (सिन्धु): The Indus River, Urdu دریائے سندھ; Tibetan: Sengge Chu ('Lion River'); Persian: Hindu; Greek: Sinthos; Pashto: Abaseen ("The Father of Rivers"); Mehran (an older name)) is the longest and most important river in Pakistan. Originating in the Tibetan plateau in the vicinity of Lake Mansarovar.

In Buddhism

Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Pali Kanon: Pali Proper Names

A river in India; one of the most important of those that flow from the Himalaya (Mil.p.114).

The best horses were born in the country around its banks (AA.ii.756; MA.i.248), hence their name Sindhava (J.v.260 (22); cf.ii.290). Seri was king of both Sindhu (Sindhavarattha) and Sodhika (? Sovira) (SA.i.90).

Mention is made (VvA.332) of merchants from Anga and Magadha going to Sindhu Sovira and passing through great wildernesses on the way. The Sindhava are mentioned in the Apadana (Ap.ii.359) in a list of tribes.

The Sindhunadi is the modern Indus.

Isidasi was once born as a goat in Sindhavaranna. Thig.vs.438.

context information

Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: Wisdomlib Libary: Vajrayogini

Sindhu (सिन्धु) is the name of a sacred site (pīṭha) presided over by Mahābalā, according to the vārāhyabhyudaya-maṇḍala. Mahābalā is a deity situated in one of the six petals of the southern lotus, of which the presiding deity is kuleśvarī (presiding lady) named Pāṇḍaravāsinī. The central deity of the vārāhyabhyudaya-maṇḍala is the twelve-armed Vajravarāhī.

Sindhu is one of the twenty-four pīṭhas, or ‘sacred-site’ (six lotuses each having six petals), each corresponding with a part of the human body. Sindhu is to be contemplated as situated on the upper part of the feet. Besides being associated with a bodily spot, each pīṭha represents an actual place of ancient India frequented particularly by advanced tantric practitioners

Source: academia.edu: A Critical Study of the Vajraḍākamahātantrarāja (II)

Sindhu (सिन्धु) is one of the two Śmaśāna (‘sacred spot’) present within the Kāyacakra (‘circle of body’) which is associated with the Ḍākinī named Pātālavāsinī (‘a woman living underground’), according to the 9th-centruy Vajraḍākatantra. Vākcakra is one of three Cakras within the Tricakra system which embodies twenty-four sacred spots or districts (viz., Sindhu) resided over by twenty-four ‘sacred girls’ (ḍākinīs) whose husbands abide in one’s body in the form of twenty-four ingredients (dhātu) of one’s body.

Sindhu has the presiding Ḍākinī named Mahābalā whose husband, or hero (vīra) is named Padmanarteśvara. The associated internal location are the ‘insteps’ and the bodily ingredients (dhātu) are the ‘tears’. According to the Vajraḍākavivṛti, the districts Sindhu, Nagara, Pūrṇagiri and Jālandhara are associated with the family deity of Yāminī; while in the Abhidhānottarottaratantra there is the Ḍāka deity named Viśvaḍāka standing in the center of the districts named Nagara, Sindhu, Maru and Kulatā.

Source: OSU Press: Cakrasamvara Samadhi

Sindhu (सिन्धु) is the pīṭha associated with Mahābalā and Padmanṛtyeśvara, according to Cakrasaṃvara-maṇḍala or Saṃvaramaṇḍala of Abhayākaragupta’s Niṣpannayogāvalī, p. 45 and n. 145; (Cf. Cakrasaṃvaratantra, Gray, David B., 2007).—The Cakrasaṃvara mandala has a total of sixty-two deities. [...] Three concentric circles going outward, the body, speech and mind wheels (kāya-vāka-citta), in the order: mind (blue), speech (red), and body (white), with eight Ḍākinīs each in non-dual union with their Ḍākas, "male consorts".

Associated elements of Mahābalā and Padmanṛtyeśvara:

Circle: kāyacakra (body-wheel) (white);
Ḍākinī (female consort): Padmanṛtyeśvara;
Ḍāka (male consort): Heruka;
Bīja: siṃ;
Body-part: soles;
Pīṭha: Sindhu;
Bodily constituent: aśrūni (tears);
Bodhipakṣa (wings of enlightenment): samyagdṛṣṭi (right view).

Source: MDPI Books: The Ocean of Heroes

Sindhu (सिन्धु) is the name of Upachandoha (category of holy sites), according to the 10th-century Ḍākārṇava-tantra: one of the last Tibetan Tantric scriptures belonging to the Buddhist Saṃvara tradition consisting of 51 chapters.—Accordingly: “Now, [the Blessed One] has taught [holy sites] such as the chandoha and upachandoha in sequence. [...] (5) Pretapurī, Gṛhadevī, Saurāṣṭra, and Suvarṇadvīpa are the chandoha [sites]. (6) The upacchandoha [sites] are Nagara, Sindhu, and Maru. Kulitā (for Kulatā or Kulutā) is also the upacchandoha. [...] Girls who are in these places are of [the nature of] the innate, born in their own birthplaces. [...]”.

Source: 84000: The Basket’s Display

Sindhu (सिन्धु) (identified with the Indus river) refers to one of the great rivers of Jambudvīpa, according to the Kāraṇḍavyūha-sūtra chapter 2 (“”).—Accordingly, as Tathāgata Padmottama praises the qualities of this six-syllable mahāvidyā: “As a comparison, in Jambudvīpa there are great rivers that flow day and night. They are the [e.g., Sindhu, Indus] [...]. Each of these rivers has five hundred tributaries. Day and night they flow into the ocean. Noble son, this is how the accumulation of merit increases as the result of a single repetition of the six-syllable mahāvidyā: I can count each drop in those great rivers, but, noble son, I cannot calculate the accumulation of merit that comes from repeating the six-syllable mahāvidyā once”.

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Jainism

Sindhu (सिन्धु) is the name of a river mentioned as flowing through Bhārata together with the Gaṅgā river. Bhārata is one of the seven regions (kṣetra) of Jambūdvīpa according to Jaina cosmology. Jambūdvīpa sits at the centre of madhyaloka (‘middle world’) is the most important of all continents and it is here where human beings reside.

Source: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

1) Sindhu (सिन्धु) is the name of a river and Goddess, as mentioned in chapter 1.4 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.

Accordingly: “[...] Then the King [Bharata] went behind the cakra, like light behind a torch, and reached the south bank of the great river, the Sindhu. The King went toward the east on the same bank, and made a camp near Sindhu’s dwelling. Concentrating on Sindhu, he made a four days’ fast, and the Goddess Sindhu’s throne shook like a wave struck by wind. Then she knew by clairvoyant knowledge that the Cakravartin had come, and she approached to worship with numerous divine gifts”.

2) Sindhu (सिन्धु) and Gaṅgā are two great rivers situated in the Bhārata (Bharatakṣetra) zone of Jambūdvīpa which is situated in the “middle world” (madhyaloka), according to chapter 2.2.

Accordingly:—“In Bharatakṣetra there are the great rivers, Gaṅgā and Sindhu; in the zone named Haimavata, Rohitā and Rohitāṃśā; in the Harivarṣaka zone, the rivers Harit and Harikāntā; in the Mahāvidehas the best rivers Śītā and Śītodā Narakāntā and Narīkāntā in the zone Ramyaka; Svarṇakūlā and Rūpyakūlā in the zone Hairaṇyavata; Raktā and Raktodā in the zone Airāvata. The first of each pair (i.e., Gaṅgā) flows to the east and the second (i.e., Sindhu) to the west. The great rivers Gaṅgā and Sindhu are each attended by 14,000 best rivers. Each pair of the others is attended by twice as many rivers as the preceding pair up to Śītā and Śītodā. The northern rivers (north of Videha) are equal to the southern. Śītā and Śītodā, however, are attended by 532,000 rivers each”.

3) Sindhu (सिन्धु) (distinguished by the city Vītabhaya) refers to one of the 25½ countries of the Kṣetrāryas, situated in the “middle world” (madhyaloka), according to chapter 2.3.—Accordingly, “In these 35 zones on this side of Mānuṣottara and in the Antaradvīpas, men arise by birth; [...]. From the division into Āryas and Mlecchas they are two-fold. The Āryas have sub-divisions [e.g., kṣetra (country)]. [...] The kṣetrāryas are born in the 15 Karmabhumis. Here in Bharata they have 25½ places of origin (e.g., Sindhu), distinguishable by cities (e.g., Vītabhaya) in which the birth of Tīrthakṛts, Cakrabhṛts, Kṛṣṇas, and Balas takes place”.

Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 3: The Lower and middle worlds

Sindhu (सिन्धु) is the name of a river that, coupled with the Gaṅga river, separates the Bharata region. Bharata refers to one of the regions of Jambūdvīpa: the first continent of the Madhya-loka (middle-word), according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 3.10. The Sindhu river flows westwards. The Gaṅga and Sindhu rivers have 14000 tributaries.

Jambūdvīpa (where flows the Sindhu river) is in the centre of all continents and oceans; all continents and oceans are concentric circles with Jambūdvīpa in the centre. Like the navel is in the centre of the body, Jambūdvīpa is in the centre of all continents and oceans. Sumeru Mount is in the centre of Jambūdvīpa. It is also called Mount Sudarśana.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

India history and geography

Source: archive.org: Geography in Ancient Indian inscriptions

Sindhu (सिन्धु) is the name of a river found in India.—Mehrauli Iron Pillar inscription of king Candra mentions the seven mouths of the river Sindhu. Some of the scholars take the term sindhoḥ sapta mukhāni to mean “seven tributaries of the river Indus”, while the others take it for the “seven streams of the river Indus (which are formed when the river Indus falls into the Arabian sea)”. As the inscription mentions the country Balkh (Bāhlīka) beyond the seven mouths of the Indus, the seven mouths of the river cannot be otherwise than the seven tributaries of the Indus, which are well-known from the Vedic period.

Source: archive.org: Personal and geographical names in the Gupta inscriptions

Sindhu (सिन्धु) is the name of a river mentioned in the Gupta inscription No. 20. The Gupta empire (r. 3rd-century CE), founded by Śrī Gupta, covered much of ancient India and embraced the Dharmic religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. The river is mentioned in connexion with the description of the victories of king Candra who is said to have conquered the Vāhlikas after having crossed the seven mouths of the (river) Sindhu in warfare.

The term Sindhu was corrupted to Hindu in the old Persian inscriptions of Darius I (516-485 B.C.), and to Indus by the Ionian (= Pāṇini's Yavana) Greeks. The word ‘India’ is derived from the river Sindhu or the Indus.

Taking its rise from the snows of Western Kailāśa in Tibet, the Sindhu first flows north-west of Kashmir and South of little Pamir, and then takes a southward course along which lay some of the important cities of north India. Emerging from the Darad high-lands, the river (Dāradī Sindhuḥ) enters the Gandhāra country until it receives its most important western tributary the Kabul river at Ohind, a few miles north of Attock.

Source: archive.org: Nilamata Purana: a cultural and literary study (history)

Sindhu (सिन्धु) is the name of a river mentioned in the Nīlamatapurāṇa. (Supra, s.v. Gaṅgā)

Source: Project Gutenberg: Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Volume 1

Sindhu (“sea or flag?”) is one of the gotras (clans) among the Kurnis (a tribe of South India). Kurni is, according to the Census Report 1901, “a corruption of kuri (sheep) and vanni (wool), the caste having been originally weavers of wool”. The gotras (viz., Sindhu) are described as being of the Brāhman, Kshatriya, and Vaisya sub-divisions of the caste, and of Shanmukha’s Sudra caste.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Sindhu.—(IE 7-1-2), ‘four’. Note: sindhu is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

Source: Ancient Buddhist Texts: Geography of Early Buddhism

Sindhu (सिन्धु) is the name of a river situated in Uttarāpatha (Northern District) of ancient India, as recorded in the Pāli Buddhist texts (detailing the geography of ancient India as it was known in to Early Buddhism).—Of the five hundred rivers referred to in the Milindapañho as issuing from the Himavanta, Sindhu is one of the most important. It is the river Indus, the Sintu of the Chinese travellers.

Source: Singhi Jain Series: Ratnaprabha-suri’s Kuvalayamala-katha (history)

Sindhu (सिन्धु) is classified as one of the eighteen dialects (Deśī) of ancient India, as described in the Kathās (narrative poems) such as Uddyotanasūri in his 8th-century Kuvalayamālā (a Prakrit Campū, similar to Kāvya poetry).—Page 152.24 ff.: Here we have a specimen of eighteen Deśī dialects spoken in: [e.g., Sindhu] [...] These different idioms of speech were spoken by the shop-keepers in the market place of Vijayāpurī. [...]

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

sindhu : (m.) ocean; a river.

context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

sindhu (सिंधु).—m (S) The ocean or a sea. 2 The river Indus. 3 The country along the Indus or Sindh. 4 The juice that exudes from an elephant's temples. 5 f A river in general.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

sindhu (सिंधु).—m The ocean or a sea. The Indus. The juice that exudes from an ele- phant's temples. f A river.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Sindhu (सिन्धु).—[syand-d-ad saṃprasāraṇaṃ dasya dhaśca Tv.; Uṇādi-sūtra 1.11]

1) The sea, ocean; तावत् त्रिभुवनं सद्यः कल्पान्तैधितसिन्धवः (tāvat tribhuvanaṃ sadyaḥ kalpāntaidhitasindhavaḥ) Bhāg. 3.11.3.

2) The Indus.

3) The country around the Indus.

4) Name of a river in Mālavā; वेणीभूतप्रतनुसलिला तामतीतस्य सिन्धुः (veṇībhūtapratanusalilā tāmatītasya sindhuḥ) Meghadūta 29 (where Malli.'s remark sindhurnāma nadī tu kutrāpi nāsti is gratuitous); पारासिन्धुसंभेदमवगाह्य नगरी- मेव प्रविशावः (pārāsindhusaṃbhedamavagāhya nagarī- meva praviśāvaḥ) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 4. 9/1 (see Dr. Bhāndārkar's note ad loc.).

5) The water ejected from an elephant's trunk.

6) The juice exuding from the temples of an elephant.

7) An elephant.

8) Name of Varuṇa.

9) White borax.

1) A kind of musical mode (rāga). -pl. The inhabitants of the Sindhu country. -f.

1) A great river or river in general; पिबत्यसौ पाययते च सिन्धूः (pibatyasau pāyayate ca sindhūḥ) R.13.9; Meghadūta 48; Ś.5.21; Kumārasambhava 3.6;5.85.

2) The river Sindhu.

Derivable forms: sindhuḥ (सिन्धुः).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Sindhu (सिन्धु).—name of a nāga king: Mahāvyutpatti 3305; Mahā-Māyūrī 247.8.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Sindhu (सिन्धु).—m.

(-ndhuḥ) 1. The ocean, the sea. 2. The Indus. 3. The country along the Indus or Sindh. 4. The juice that exudes from an elephant’s temples. 5. An elephant. 6. A division of a Raga or musical mode. 7. A small tree, (Vitex negundo.) f.

(-ndhuḥ) A river in general. E. syand to trickle or flow, u Unadi aff., the form irr.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Sindhu (सिन्धु).— (probably from vb. syand), I. m. 1. The Indus, [Rājataraṅgiṇī] 5, 215. 2. The ocean, [Pañcatantra] i. [distich] 117. 3. The country along the Indus; m. pl. Its inhabitants, [Draupadīpramātha] 1, 6. 4. The juice that exudes from an elephant’s temples. 5. An elephant. Ii. f. A river in general, [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] [distich] 117; [Rājataraṅgiṇī] 5, 112.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Sindhu (सिन्धु).—[masculine] [feminine] stream, [especially] the Indus, [plural] [masculine] the land on the Indus & its inhabitants; [masculine] also flood, sea, ocean, water i.[grammar], [Name] of a Gandharva etc.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum

Sindhu (सिन्धु) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—father of Prakāśendra, grandfather of Kṣemendra (Daśāvatāra etc.). Report. Lxii.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Sindhu (सिन्धु):—m. and f. ([probably] [from] √1. sidh, ‘to go’) a river, stream ([especially] the Indus, and in this sense said to be the only river regarded as m. See -nada, [column]2), [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.

2) m. flood, waters (also in the sky), [Ṛg-veda; Atharva-veda]

3) ocean, sea, [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.

4) a symbolical term for the number 4 (cf. 1. samudra), [Gaṇitādhyāya]

5) Name of Varuṇa (as god of the ocean), [Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary]

6) the moisture of the lips, [Kumāra-sambhava]

7) water ejected from an elephant’s trunk (= vamathu), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

8) the exudation from an elephant’s temples, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

9) the country around the Indus (commonly called Sindh; [plural] ‘the inhabitants of Sindh’), [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.

10) a king of Sindh (?), [Catalogue(s)]

11) Name of Viṣṇu, [Ṛg-veda; Mahābhārata]

12) white or refined borax (= śveta-ṭaṅkaṇa), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

13) = sindhuka, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

14) (in music) a [particular] Rāga, [Saṃgīta-sārasaṃgraha]

15) Name of a king of the Gandharvas, [Rāmāyaṇa]

16) of a serpent-demon, [Buddhist literature]

17) of various men, [Rājataraṅgiṇī]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Sindhu (सिन्धु):—(ndhuḥ) 2. m. The ocean, the sea; Indus, Sindh; Elephant or juice from his temples; small tree, musical mode. f. A river.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Sindhu (सिन्धु) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Siṃdhu.

[Sanskrit to German]

Sindhu in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Sindhu in Hindi refers in English to:—(nm) ocean, sea; the province of Sindh..—sindhu (सिंधु) is alternatively transliterated as Siṃdhu.

context information

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Prakrit-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary

Siṃdhu (सिंधु) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Sindhu.

context information

Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.

Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Siṃdhu (ಸಿಂಧು):—

1) [noun] the vast body of salt water that covers almost three fourths of the earth’s surface; the ocean.

2) [noun] any of the geographical divisions of this body; an ocean.

3) [noun] a natural stream or river that runs on a definite course and usu. that empties into a sea or into another river.

4) [noun] name of a river that rises in southwest of Tibet and flows through Jammu and Kashmir in India, and through Pakistan into the Arabian Sea (approx. 3.060 km.).

5) [noun] the region on the bank of this river.

6) [noun] people or a person of this region.

7) [noun] the liquid remaining after butter is churned out from curds; butter-milk.

8) [noun] (mus.) name of a rāga (musical mode).

--- OR ---

Siṃdhu (ಸಿಂಧು):—

1) [adjective] having legal force; properly executed and binding under the law; legally valid.

2) [adjective] ಸಿಂಧುಮಾಡಿಸು [simdhumadisu] sindhu māḍisu to make, cause to become, legally valid; ಸಿಂಧುವಾಗು [simdhuvagu] sindhu vāgu to become legally valid.

--- OR ---

Siṃdhu (ಸಿಂಧು):—[noun] that which can producing the desired result; an effective thing, agent, action, etc.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Relevant text

Search found 113 books and stories containing Sindhu, Simdhu, Siṃdhu; (plurals include: Sindhus, Simdhus, Siṃdhus). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Rig Veda 4.30.12 < [Sukta 30]

Rig Veda 1.164.25 < [Sukta 164]

Rig Veda 7.87.6 < [Sukta 87]

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Verse 2.4.90 < [Chapter 4 - Vaikuṇṭha (the spiritual world)]

Verse 2.3.124 < [Chapter 3 - Bhajana (loving service)]

Verse 1.4.51 < [Chapter 4 - Bhakta (the devotee)]

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Text 24-25 < [First Stabaka]

Text 15 < [First Stabaka]

Text 30 < [First Stabaka]

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