Samvatsara, Sāṃvatsara, Saṃvatsara: 28 definitions

Introduction:

Samvatsara means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Alternative spellings of this word include Sanvatsar.

In Hinduism

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

[«previous next»] — Samvatsara in Purana glossary
Source: archive.org: Nilamata Purana: a cultural and literary study

Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर) refers to one of the five years (pañcasaṃvatsara), defined in the Nīlamatapurāṇa. The expression pañcasaṃvatsara indicates the knowledge of five years, namely, Saṃvatsara, Parivatsara, Idvatsara, Anuvatsara and Vatsara.

The Viṣṇudharmottara-purāṇa II.4.27-46 describes the selection of Sāṃvatsara by a king and gives a lengthy list of the qualities which a Sāṃvatsara should possess. He is just like mother, father, instructor and preceptor to the king. The king appoints Mantrīs and Purohitas after consulting him. Viṣṇudharmottara-purāṇa II.5.54-55 clearly establishes the superiority of the astrologer (Sāṃvatsara) over the Purohita by stating that a king should give up the Purohita if he acts against the Sāṃvatsara, otherwise the Purohita is also like mother and father to the king.

Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर) refers to the “year” (which was associated with the velocity of Śiva’s chariot), according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.5.8 (“The detailed description of the chariot etc.”).—Accordingly, as Sanatkumāra narrated to Vyāsa: “The divine chariot of lord Śiva consisting of all the worlds was built by Viśvakarman with devoted effort. [...] The year (saṃvatsara) constituted its velocity. The two Ayanas northern and southern constituted the junctions of the wheels and axles. The Muhūrtas constituted the joints and the Kalās the pins of the yoke. The division of time Kāṣṭhā constituted the nose of the chariot and the Kṣaṇas the axle-shaft. The Nimeṣas constituted the bottom of the carriage and the minutest divisions of time constituted the poles. [...]”.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर).—A sage in the Darūvana.*

  • * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 27. 104.

1b) A part of the five-year yuga;1 a year, the first among years; is Agni; represented by Kāvya pitṛs;2 of different kinds—dīvyasamvatsara, Dhruvasamvatsara, Pitṛsamvatsara, and Saptaṛṣisamvatsara.3

  • 1) Bhāgavata-purāṇa III. 11. 14; V. 22. 7; Viṣṇu-purāṇa II. 8. 71-2.
  • 2) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 21. 131; 24. 57, 141; 28. 15; III. 8. 17; 72. 30.
  • 3) Ib. II. 28. 21; 29. 10, 16 and 18.

1c) A Śakti.*

  • * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 32. 15.

1d) Is Agni.*

  • * Matsya-purāṇa 141. 18.

1e) Vārāha Viṣṇu got the form of.*

  • * Vāyu-purāṇa 23. 104.
Purana book cover
context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

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Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

[«previous next»] — Samvatsara in Jyotisha glossary
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

1) Sāṃvatsara (सांवत्सर) refers to an “astrologer”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 2), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “[...] As is the night without a lamp and the sky without the sun, so is a prince without a Jyotiṣaka [i.e., sāṃvatsaraasāṃvatsara] and he gropes his way in the dark. If there were no Jyotiṣakas [i.e., sāṃvatsara], the muhūrtas, the tithis, the nakṣatras, the ṛtus and the āyanas would go wrong”.

2) Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर) refers to five years of each yuga of Jupiter’s cycle, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 8).—Accordingly, “The five years of each yuga are known as—1. Saṃvatsara, 2. Parivatsara, 3. Idāvatsara, 4. Anuvatsara, 5. Idvatsara. These are sacred respectively to 1. Agni (fire), 2. Arka (the Sun), 3. Candra (the Moon), 4. Prajāpati (the Creator), 5. Rudra (the Destroyer)”.

Source: archive.org: South Indian Festivities (astronomy)

Samvatsara (hindu year).—According to legend, Naradi (the name of Nārada after he transformed into a woman) got married though capture and gave birth to sixty sons each year. Worried, exhausted, fatigued, bored to death by these numerous sons, Naradi at the end of the sixtieth year involuntarily prayed to Lord Vishnu. Transformed back, Narada appealed to Vishnu to silence his sixty sons. Vishnu gave them the Raj of the world to be enjoyed by turns for one year at a time. This is how each Hindu year has a separate name for a cycle of sixty years.

The list of the sixty sons of Naradi, after whom the lunar yearsin the cycle are still being called is as follows:

  1. Prabhav,
  2. Vibhav,
  3. Shukla,
  4. Paramoda,
  5. Prajapati,
  6. Angira,
  7. Shrimukha,
  8. Bhava,
  9. Yuva,
  10. Dhatu,
  11. Ishwar,
  12. Bahudanya,
  13. Pramathi,
  14. Vikrama,
  15. Vrisha,
  16. Chitrabhanu,
  17. Subhanu,
  18. Taran,
  19. Prartiva,
  20. Vyaya,
  21. Sarvajit,
  22. Sarvadhari,
  23. Virodhi,
  24. Vikriti,
  25. Khara,
  26. Nandana,
  27. Vijaya,
  28. Jaya,
  29. Marmath,
  30. Durmikha,
  31. Hemalambi,
  32. Vilambi,
  33. Vikari,
  34. Sharvar,
  35. Plava,
  36. Shubakrit,
  37. Hhobhana,
  38. Krodhi,
  39. Vishvavasu,
  40. Parabhava,
  41. Plavanga,
  42. Kilaka,
  43. Saumya,
  44. Sadharana,
  45. Virodhikrita,
  46. Paridhavi,
  47. Pramadi,
  48. Ananda,
  49. Rakshasa,
  50. Nala,
  51. Pingala,
  52. Kalayukta,
  53. Sitdharti,
  54. Raudri,
  55. Durmati,
  56. Dundubhi,
  57. Rudhirodgari,
  58. Raktakshi,
  59. Krodhana,
  60. Akshaya.
Source: A Concise Encyclopaedia of Hinduism: Bārhaspatya-māna

Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर, “year”).—At some period, a fivefold multiple, a cycle of 60 Jovian or Bārhaspatya years, each with a special name suffixed by the word saṃvatsara (= year) came into use. The earliest available evidence points to the 6th century A. D., as found in the inscription of the Cālukyan king Maṅgaleśa.

The sixty years are:

  1. Prabhava;
  2. Vibhava;
  3. Śukla;
  4. Pramodūta;
  5. Prajotpatti (Prajāpati);
  6. Aṅgiras;
  7. Śrīmukha;
  8. Bhāva;
  9. Yuvan;
  10. Dhātṛ (Dhātu);
  11. Īśvara;
  12. Bahudhānya;
  13. Pramāthin;
  14. Vikrama;
  15. Vṛṣan (Viṣu);
  16. Citrabhānu;
  17. Subhānu (Svabhānu);
  18. Tāraṇa;
  19. Pārthiva;
  20. Vyaya;
  21. Sarvajit;
  22. Sarvadhārin;
  23. Virodhin;
  24. Vikṛti;
  25. Khara;
  26. Nandana;
  27. Vijaya;
  28. Jaya;
  29. Manmatha;
  30. Durmukha;
  31. Hevilambin (Hemalambin);
  32. Vilambin;
  33. Vikārin;
  34. Śārvarin;
  35. Plava;
  36. Śubhakṛt;
  37. Śobhakṛt; (Śobhana);
  38. Krodhin;
  39. Viśvāvasu;
  40. Parābhava;
  41. Plavaṅga;
  42. Kīlaka;
  43. Saumya;
  44. Sādhāraṇa;
  45. Virodhikṛt;
  46. Parī-dhāvin;
  47. Pramādin;
  48. Ānanda;
  49. Rākṣasa;
  50. Anala;
  51. Piṅgala;
  52. Kālayukta;
  53. Siddhārtha;
  54. Raudra;
  55. Durmati;
  56. Dundubhi;
  57. Rudhirodgāra;
  58. Raktākṣa (Raktākṣin);
  59. Krodhana;
  60. Kṣaya (Akṣaya).

It was believed that the saṃvatsara names indicated different consequences for the years concerned.

Jyotisha book cover
context information

Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

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Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)

Source: Pure Bhakti: Arcana-dipika - 3rd Edition

Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर) refers to the Vedic “year”.—There are sixty different names for each year in the Vedic lunar calendar, which begins on the new moon day (amāvasyā) after the appearance day of Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu (gaura-pūrṇimā), in February or march. the Vedic year, therefore, does not correspond exactly with the christian solar calendar year. in the christian calendar dates below, 2018, for example, refers to the period from the amāvasyā after gaura-pūrṇima 2018 to the amāvasyā after gaura-pūrṇima 2019.

  1. Prabhava
  2. Vibhava
  3. Śukla
  4. Pramodūta
  5. Prajotpatti
  6. Āṅgirasa
  7. Śrīmukha
  8. Bhāva
  9. Yuva
  10. Dhāta
  11. Īśvara
  12. Bahudhānya
  13. Pramādi
  14. Vikrama
  15. Vṛṣa
  16. Citrabhānu
  17. Svabhānu
  18. Tāraṇa
  19. Pārdiva
  20. Vyaya
  21. Sarvajittu
  22. Sarvadhāri
  23. Virodhi
  24. Vikṛti
  25. Khara
  26. Nandana
  27. Vijaya
  28. Jaya
  29. Manmadha
  30. Durmukhi
  31. Hīvalambi
  32. Vilambi
  33. Vikāri
  34. Sārvari
  35. Plava
  36. Śubhakṛti
  37. Śobhakṛti
  38. Krodha
  39. Viśvāvasu
  40. Parābhāva
  41. Plavanga
  42. Kīlaka
  43. Saumya
  44. Sādhāraṇa
  45. Virodhikṛti
  46. Parīdhāvi
  47. Pramādīca
  48. Ānanda
  49. Rākṣasa
  50. Nala
  51. Piṅgalā
  52. Kālayukti
  53. Sidhārdhi
  54. Raudri
  55. Durmati
  56. Dundubhi
  57. Rudirodgāri
  58. Raktākṣi
  59. Krodhan
  60. Akṣaya
Vaishnavism book cover
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Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).

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Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

[«previous next»] — Samvatsara in Shaktism glossary
Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर) refers to one of the eight Heroes (vīra-aṣṭaka) associated with Pūrṇagiri or Pūrṇapīṭha (which is located in the northern quarter), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—[...] The eight heroes (vīrāṣṭaka): Chadmaka, Pramāthin, Prakṛṣṭa, Pramodin, Śaṅkukarṇa, Gokarṇa, Saṃvatsara, Mahotsava.

Shaktism book cover
context information

Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

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Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

[«previous next»] — Samvatsara in Shaivism glossary
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions

Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर) refers to a “year”, according to the 9th-century Sarvajñānottaratantra chapter 18.—Accordingly, “Next, I shall teach the best observance among observances, which is known as the Śiva-vrata and which is revered by Asuras and Gods alike. [...] He should dwell constantly in a temple of Śiva, eating alms, controlling his senses, devoted to recitation and meditation, maintaining silence, venerating Śiva, the fire and his guru. When a year (saṃvatsara) has passed, he will become equal to Śiva. [...]”.

Shaivism book cover
context information

Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

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Shilpashastra (iconography)

Source: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (shilpa)

Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर) or “astrologers” refers to a certain class of personalities which follows specific guidelines in the tradition of ancient Indian Painting (citra), according to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.—In the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, the rules of Painting of different classes have been elaborately discussed. According to this work, the personalities like [e.g., Saṃvatsara], [...] are to be drawn to project them as noble and polite. Like cloths, accessories of different character also vary in their pictures. The ornaments of ministers, astrologers and family priests should not be very gaudy and they should have uṣṇīṣa i.e., turbans in their heads instead of crowns in their picture. Thus the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa establishes the fact that even in the pictures; the people belonging to different class and profession [e.g., Saṃvatsara] were projected with specific attire so that general people can equate the picture with the practical character.

Shilpashastra book cover
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Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.

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Yoga (school of philosophy)

[«previous next»] — Samvatsara in Yoga glossary
Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch

Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर) refers to a “year”, according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.—Accordingly, as Īśvara says to Vāmadeva: “[...] [Now], I shall define the nature of that highest, mind-free absorption which arises for those devoted to constant practice. [...] Remaining in absorption for the [following] times; moments, breaths, Palas, Nāḍīs, Praharas, days, months and years (saṃvatsara), [the Yogin] then goes to the highest reality. [...]”.

Yoga book cover
context information

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

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General definition (in Hinduism)

[«previous next»] — Samvatsara in Hinduism glossary
Source: archive.org: Vedic index of Names and Subjects

Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर, ‘year’) is repeatedly mentioned from the Rigveda onwards. Its duration was, according to the concurrent evidence of the Saṃhitās and Brāhmaṇas, 360 days, divided into 12 months, being, no doubt, roughly a lunar synodic year, which, however, it exceeded in length by 6 days. As a solar year it appears only in the Nidāna-sūtra of the Sāmaveda, where the sun is stated to spend 131/3 days in each of the 27 Nakṣatras.
 

In Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: OSU Press: Cakrasamvara Samadhi

Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर) refers to a “year” [i.e., adya amuka nāma saṃvatsare], according to the Guru Mandala Worship (maṇḍalārcana) ritual often performed in combination with the Cakrasaṃvara Samādhi, which refers to the primary pūjā and sādhanā practice of Newah Mahāyāna-Vajrayāna Buddhists in Nepal.

Tibetan Buddhism book cover
context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

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Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

[«previous next»] — Samvatsara in Mahayana glossary
Source: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on Agriculture

Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर) refers to a “year””, according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly, [as the Bhagavān teaches the offering manual of the root-heart] “[...] One should offer oleander flowers with ghee and mustard seeds sixty times in the middle of the maṇḍalaka: for a year (saṃvatsara) all Nāgas, cold spells and clouds, thunderbolts and even snow and so on will be stopped. When rain is to be made, then they rain down water. [...]”

Mahayana book cover
context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

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India history and geography

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Saṃvatsara.—(CII 3; 4; IA 17), ‘a year’; ‘an cra’, the earlier years of the Indian eras being quoted by this term (or by its abbreviations saṃ, saṃvat, etc.), without any dynastic or other appellation just as in the case of the year of a regnal reckoning. Note: saṃvatsara is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

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Sāṃvatsara.—(HD), an astrologer. See Viṣṇu Dh. S., III. 75; Bṛhatasaṃhitā, 2. 9; cf. Sāṃvatsarika (EI 5). Note: sāṃvatsara is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

India history book cover
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The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

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Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

[«previous next»] — Samvatsara in Marathi glossary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

saṃvatsara (संवत्सर).—m (S) A common term for the sixty years composing the Indian cycle, each bearing a peculiar name. These names never occurring but with the indicant word saṃvatsara prefixed (e. g. saṃvatsaraprabhava) cannot come before the learner as ordinary words bearing signification and demanding to be interpreted: they therefore do not appear in the columns, but are presented together here:--prabhava, citrabhānu, hēmalamba, paridhāvī, vibhava, subhānu, vilamba, pramādī, śukla, tāraṇa, vikārī, ānanda, pramōda, pārthiva, śārvarī, rākṣasa, prajāpati, avyaya, plava, nala, aṅgira, sarvajit, śubhakṛt, piṅgala, śrīmukha, sarvadhārī, śōbhana, kālayukta, bhāva, virōdhī, krōdhī, siddhārtha, yuva, vikṛti, viśvāvasu, raudra, dhātṛ, khara, parābhava, durmati, īśvara, nandana, plavaṅga, dundubhi, bahudhānya, vijaya, kilaka, rudhirōdgārī, pramāthī, jaya, saumya, raktākṣa, vikrama, manmatha, sādhāraṇa, krōdhana, vṛṣa, durmukha, virōdhakṛt, kṣaya. 2 A year in general; yet, especially, of the era of Wikramaditya. manusaṅkhyāsaṃvatsara Years numbered by the (duration of the) Manu; as manusaṅkhyāsaṃvatsara || rājya karīla mājhā putra ||.

--- OR ---

sāṃvatsara (सांवत्सर).—a S sāṃvatsarika a (S) Annual.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

saṃvatsara (संवत्सर).—m A year. saṃvatsaracakra n Cycle.

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sāṃvatsara (सांवत्सर).—a Annual.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

[«previous next»] — Samvatsara in Sanskrit glossary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर).—[saṃvasanti ṛtavo'tra saṃvas-saran Tv.]

1) A year; न ह पुरा ततः संवत्सर आस (na ha purā tataḥ saṃvatsara āsa) Bṛ. Up.1.2.4.

2) A year of Vikramāditya's era.

3) Name of Śiva.

4) The first year in the cycle of five years.

Derivable forms: saṃvatsaraḥ (संवत्सरः).

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Sāṃvatsara (सांवत्सर).—(- f.)

1) , [sāṃvatsarika] (- f.) a. Annual, yearly,

-raḥ, -rakaḥ, -rikaḥ 1 An astrologer.

2) An almanac-maker.

3) A lunar month.

4) Black rice.

See also (synonyms): sāṃvatsarika.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर).—m.

(-raḥ) A year. E. sam with, completely, vatsara a year; or sam with vas to abide, saran Unadi aff., and ta substituted for the final.

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Sāṃvatsara (सांवत्सर).—mfn.

(-raḥ-rī-raṃ) Annual, perennial. m.

(-raḥ) An astrologer. E. saṃvatsara a year, aṇ aff.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर).—i. e. sam-vatsara, m. A year, [Rāmāyaṇa] 3, 55, 19; [Pañcatantra] 186, 20.

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Sāṃvatsara (सांवत्सर).—i. e. saṃvatsara + a, I. adj. Annual, perennial. Ii. m. An almanac-maker, an astrologer, Kām. Nītis. 4, 33; [Pañcatantra] iii. [distich] 67.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर).—[masculine] ([neuter]) year.

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Sāṃvatsara (सांवत्सर).—([feminine] ī) & rika a year old, lasting a year, yearly, annual; [masculine] astrologer.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर):—[=saṃ-vatsara] [from saṃ-vat] m. (rarely n.; cf. pari-v) a full year, a year (having 12 [Taittirīya-saṃhitā] or 13 [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā] months or 360 days [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Aitareya-brāhmaṇa; Suśruta]; am, ‘for a year’; eṇa ‘after or in course of a y°’; e or asya, ‘after or within a y°’), [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.

2) [v.s. ...] a year of the Vikrama era (See above; varṣa is used for the śaka) the first in a cycle of five or six years, [Taittirīya-saṃhitā; Pāraskara-gṛhya-sūtra; Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā; Bhāgavata-purāṇa]

3) [v.s. ...] the Year personified (having the new and full moon for eyes and presiding over the seasons), [Taittirīya-saṃhitā; Purāṇa]

4) [v.s. ...] Name of Śiva, [Mahābhārata]

5) Sāṃvatsara (सांवत्सर):—mf(ī)n. ([from] saṃ-vatsara) yearly, annual, perennial, lasting or occupying year (with bhṛti, f., ‘annual wages’), [???; Mahābhārata; Bhāgavata-purāṇa]

6) m. an astrologer, almanac-maker, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.

7) a lunar month, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

8) black rice, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

9) (with dīkṣita) Name of an author, [Catalogue(s)]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर):—[saṃ-vatsara] (raḥ) 1. m. A year.

2) Sāṃvatsara (सांवत्सर):—(raḥ) 1. m. An astrologer. a. Annual, perennial.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Saṃvacchara.

[Sanskrit to German]

Samvatsara in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Hindi dictionary

[«previous next»] — Samvatsara in Hindi glossary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Saṃvatsara (संवत्सर) [Also spelled sanvatsar]:—(nm) a year; [rīya] annual, yearly.

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Kannada-English dictionary

[«previous next»] — Samvatsara in Kannada glossary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Saṃvatsara (ಸಂವತ್ಸರ):—

1) [noun] a period of twelve months or three hundred sixty five days; a year.

2) [noun] a period of twelve months beginning from a particular day; a calendar year.

3) [noun] Śiva.

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Sāṃvatsara (ಸಾಂವತ್ಸರ):—

1) [adjective] of or measured by a year; annual.

2) [adjective] happening or appearing once a year; yearly; annual.

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Sāṃvatsara (ಸಾಂವತ್ಸರ):—[noun] a man who studies the movements and relative positions of celestial bodies and interprets their supposed influence on human affairs; an astrologer.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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