Raudri, Raudrī: 18 definitions
Introduction:
Raudri means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Wisdom Library: ŚāktismRaudrī (रौद्री, “terrible, dreadful”):—Name of one of the sixty-four mātṛs to be worshipped during Āvaraṇapūjā (“Worship of the Circuit of Goddesses”, or “Durgā’s Retinue”), according to the Durgāpūjātattva. They should be worshipped with either the five upācāras or perfume and flowers.
Her mantra is as follows:
Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantramॐ रौद्र्यै नमः
oṃ raudryai namaḥ.
1) Raudrī (रौद्री) is an epithet for the Goddess according to the Bhairavīstotra in the Śrīmatottara-tantra, an expansion of the Kubjikāmatatantra: the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—Accordingly, “Victory! Victory (to you) O goddess (bhagavatī)! [...] Omnipresent goddess! Rudrāṇī! Raudrī! Firmly fixed one (dhruvā)! Salvation from the world of transmigration, which is terrible and hard to traverse! Salutation (to you) whose nature is inaccessible (to the fettered)! Deformed one! Supreme one! Daughter of the Himalayas! Mother of the world! Seed of the universe! [...]”.
Note: Kubjikā is commonly identified with Raudrī, also called Rudrāṇī or Rudraśakti as well as Mahāpiṅgalā.
2) Raudrī (रौद्री) or Raudrīgranthi refers to “Raudrī’s Knot ” and represents one of the “sixteen knots” (granthi), according to the Ṣaṭsāhasrasaṃhitā, an expansion of the Kubjikāmatatantra: the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—Accordingly, “(1) The Knot called Ananta, which is HAṂSA, should be placed (on the body). It is at the middle toe of the sixteen parts (of the body).The Knot of Time is below the ankle. [...] (3) Raudrī’s Knot is in the channel. [...]”.
3) Raudrī (रौद्री) refers to one of the eight Kaula consort (dūtī-aṣṭaka) associated with Avyaktapīṭha (i.e., ‘the unmanifest seat’ representing the act of churning—manthāna), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—[...] The eight Kaula consort (dūtyaṣṭaka): Brahmāṇī, Vaiṣṇavī, Raudrī, Mātaṅgī, Carcikeśvarī, Vārāhī, Nārasiṃhī, Śivādūtī.
Source: Sreenivasarao's blog: Saptamatrka (part 4)Raudri or Maheshvari refers to one of the seven mother-like goddesses (Matrika).—The Matrikas emerge as shaktis from out of the bodies of the gods: Maheshvari from Shiva. The order of the Saptamatrka usually begins with Brahmi symbolizing creation. Then, Vaishnavi. Then, Maheshvari, who resides in the hearts of all beings, breaths in life and individuality.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: Wisdom Library: Varāha-purāṇaRaudrī (रौद्री) is the form of Trikalā having a black body representing the energy of Maheśvara (Śiva), according to the Varāhapurāṇa chapter 90. Trikalā is the name of a Goddess born from the combined looks of Brahmā, Viṣṇu and Maheśvara (Śiva).
The Varāhapurāṇa is categorised as a Mahāpurāṇa, and was originally composed of 24,000 metrical verses, possibly originating from before the 10th century. It is composed of two parts and Sūta is the main narrator.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana IndexRaudrī (रौद्री).—A kalā of Rudra and a Śakti.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 19. 73; 35. 96.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstraRaudrī (रौद्री, “cruel”) refers to a specific “glance” (dṛṣṭi), according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 8. This is a type of glance that expresses the ‘furious sentiment’ (raudrarasa). There are a total thirty-six glances defined.
Source: Wisdom Library: SaṅgītaśiromaṇiRaudrī (रौद्री) refers to one of the twenty-two quarters tones (śruti) existing within an octave, according to the Saṅgīta-ratnākara (“ocean of music and dance”). This work is an important Sanskrit treatise dealing with ancient Indian musicology (gāndharva-śāstra), composed by Śārṅgadeva in the 13th century and deals with both Carnatic and Hindustani music. Raudrī has a frequency of 294.3288Hz.
Source: archive.org: Natya ShastraRaudrī (रौद्री).—A type of glance (dṛṣṭi) expressing sentiment (rasa);—The pitiless Glance in which the eyeballs are rough, red, raised, and the eyelids are still and the eyebrows knitted, is called Raudrī (cruel), and it is used in the Furious Sentiment.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Shilpashastra (iconography)
Source: archive.org: Illustrations of Indian Music and Dance in Western Indian StyleRaudrī (रौद्री, “terrible”).—Illustration of Raudrī-śruti according to 15th century art:—The colour of her body is yellow. She holds a vīṇā with both hands. The colour of her bodice is green. Her scarf is rosy with a red design, the lower garment is sky-blue with a black design.
The illustrations (of, for example Raudrī) are found scattered throughout ancient Jain manuscripts from Gujarat. The descriptions of these illustrations of this citrāvalī are based on the ślokas of Vācanācārya Gaṇi Sudhākalaśa’s Saṅgītopaniṣatsāroddhāra (14th century) and Śārṅgadeva’s Saṅgītaratnākara (13th century).
Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: The effect of Samvatsaras: SatvargasRaudri (रौद्रि) or Raudra refers to the fifty-fourth saṃvatsara (“jovian year)” in Vedic astrology.—The native born in the ‘samvatsara’ of ‘raudri’ is of horrible appearance, rears cattle, speaks ill of others, is excessively deceitful, gets a bad name, is of vicious heart and is very fierce.
According with Jataka Parijata, the person born in the year raudri (2040-2041 AD) will be a rake, perverse, proud and wicked.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)
Source: WorldCat: Rāj nighaṇṭuRaudrī (रौद्री) is another name for Rudrajaṭā, a medicinal plant identified with Aristolochia indica (Indian birthwort or duck flower) from the Aristolochiaceae or “birthwort family” of flowering plants, according to verse 3.79-81 of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu. The third chapter (guḍūcyādi-varga) of this book contains climbers and creepers (vīrudh). Together with the names Raudrī and Rudrajaṭā, there are a total of sixteen Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
Source: Pure Bhakti: Arcana-dipika - 3rd EditionRaudri (रौद्रि) is the fifty-fourth of sixty years (saṃvatsara) in the Vedic lunar calendar according to the Arcana-dīpikā by Vāmana Mahārāja (cf. Appendix).—Accordingl, There are sixty different names for each year in the Vedic lunar calendar, which begins on the new moon day (Amāvasyā) after the appearance day of Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu (Gaura-pūrṇimā), in February or March. The Vedic year [viz., Raudri], therefore, does not correspond exactly with the Christian solar calendar year.
Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Google Books: An Esoteric Exposition of the Bardo Thodol Part ARaudrī (रौद्री):—One of the six Īśvarī performing the rites of pacification.—The greenish-white leopard-headed Raudrī, holding a trident, is one of a pair of carnivores directing Watery-Fiery prāṇas to and from the Stomach centre, (the western direction) which processes the forceful predatory saṃskāras of mental-emotions, aggression, as well as the general manasic propensities developed by the emotions through sense contact. The carnivores are represented here because they express the energies of the will, and the stalking tendencies associated with ambitious and aggressive activities. These are iḍā in nature because the necessities of the hunt tends to develop the attributes of the mind.
Raudrī, who prāṇically embodies the ambidexterity of the left thumb, directs the most powerful kāma-mamasic prāṇas the Solar Plexus centre has developed to the Stomach centre. The powerful leopard consequently is used to symbolise this prāṇic flow. It is quite capable of seeking out the desirous propensities of mind within the jungles of saṃsāra. The trident allows Raudrī to control the general Watery disposition of the Solar Plexus by means of the attributes of mind.
The counterpart of this pair is Vaiṣṇāvī..
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus CatalogorumRaudrī (रौद्री) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—the
—[commentary] on the Tattvacintāmaṇidīdhiti and the Nyāyasiddhāntamuktāvalī by Rudra Bhaṭṭācārya.
1) Raudrī (रौद्री):—[from raudra] a f. Name of Gaurī, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
2) [v.s. ...] one of the 9 Samidhs, [Gṛhyāsaṃgraha]
3) [v.s. ...] a [particular] Śakti, [Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi]
4) [v.s. ...] (in music.) a [particular] Śruti, [Saṃgīta-sārasaṃgraha]
5) [v.s. ...] a [particular] Mūrchanā, [ib.]
6) [v.s. ...] a species of creeper, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
7) [v.s. ...] Name of the Comms. on the Tattva-cintāmaṇi-dīdhiti and the Nyāya-siddhānta-muktāvalī by Rudra Bhaṭṭācārya
8) [v.s. ...] (with megha-mālā and śānti) of two older works.
9) Raudri (रौद्रि):—[from raudra] m. [patronymic] [from] rudra, [Harivaṃśa]
10) Raudrī (रौद्री):—[from raudra] b in [compound] for rudra.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusRaudri (ರೌದ್ರಿ):—
1) [noun] = ರೌದ್ರ [raudra]2 - 5.
2) [noun] Durge, in her fierce form.
3) [noun] a kind of creeper.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Raudri meghamala, Raudri shanti, Raudribhava, Raudrigranthi, Raudrika, Raudrikarana, Raudrishruti.
Ends with: Didhitiraudri, Jagadraudri, Maharaudri, Vajraraudri.
Full-text (+99): Raudribhava, Raudre, Raudrikarana, Irauttiri, Didhitiraudri, Raudri meghamala, Raudri shanti, Didhiti, Tanva, Maheshvari, Kalini, Maharaudri, Maharudri, Kritashauca, Ajadevata, Samvatsara, Trikala, Raudra, Camunda, Kalaratri.
Relevant text
Search found 25 books and stories containing Raudri, Raudrī; (plurals include: Raudris, Raudrīs). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Cidgaganacandrika (study) (by S. Mahalakshmi)
Verse 119 [Raudrarūpa Krodhani] < [Chapter 3 - Third Vimarśa]
Verse 47 [Īśvara and Jīva Bhāvas] < [Chapter 2 - Second Vimarśa]
Verse 128-129 [Raudryādi Kalā, Śāmbhavya, Samvitkrama] < [Chapter 3 - Third Vimarśa]
Rudra-Shiva concept (Study) (by Maumita Bhattacharjee)
15. Rudra in Pravargya ceremony of the Soma sacrifice < [Chapter 3 - Rudra-Śiva in the Brāhmaṇa Literature]
4h. Rudra, for the cure of disease < [Chapter 4 - Rudra-Śiva in the Post-Brāhmaṇic Literature]
9. Rudra in the Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa < [Chapter 3 - Rudra-Śiva in the Brāhmaṇa Literature]
The Agni Purana (by N. Gangadharan)
Chapter 147 - Mode of worshipping the goddess Tvaritā and others
Chapter 139 - The names of sixty years of Hindu cycle (ṣaṣṭi-saṃvatsara)
Paduka-panchaka (the five-fold footstool) (by Arthur Avalon)
Guhyagarbha Tantra (with Commentary) (by Gyurme Dorje)
Text 15.23 (Commentary) < [Chapter 15 (Text and Commentary)]
Text 15.20 (Commentary) < [Chapter 15 (Text and Commentary)]
Text 17.9 (Commentary) < [Chapter 17 (Text And Commentary)]
Varahi Tantra (English Study) (by Roberta Pamio)
Chapter 29 - The worship of Caṇḍikā < [Summary of the Vārāhī Tantra]
Chapter 12 - The Dhyānas (supports for the meditation) of the Goddess < [Summary of the Vārāhī Tantra]
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