Pratyavekshana, Pratyavekṣaṇā, Pratyavekṣaṇa: 12 definitions
Introduction:
Pratyavekshana means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit terms Pratyavekṣaṇā and Pratyavekṣaṇa can be transliterated into English as Pratyaveksana or Pratyavekshana, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Pratyavekshan.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the GaganagañjaparipṛcchāPratyavekṣaṇā (प्रत्यवेक्षणा) [=Pratyavekṣaṇātā?] refers to “seeing (=realizing?)” (that the dharmas are just illusionary construct), according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “How, son of good family, does the Bodhisattva obtain the mastery (vaśitāprāpta) in the arising of birth and death? When the Bodhisattva is endowed with twelve dharmas, son of good family, he attains the mastery in the arising of birth and death. What are the twelve? [...] (10) he reflects on great compassion, seeing (pratyavekṣaṇā—pratyavekṣaṇātayā) that the dharmas are just illusionary construct; (11) he transmigrates and comes into existence, seeing the absence of birth and death; (12) he enters into the dharma by its dream-like nature, seeing the essential character of the dharma; (13) he perceives the inverted dharmas as they really are (yathābhūta-pratyavekṣaṇā) [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (tantric Buddhism)Pratyavekṣaṇā (प्रत्यवेक्षणा) or Pratyavekṣaṇājñāna refers to “discriminating gnosis” and represents one of the “five gnoses” (pañcajñāna), according to the Nāmamantrārthāvalokinī by Vilāsavajra, which is a commentary on the Nāmasaṃgīti.—The five gnoses (pañcajñāna) in terms of various masteries are [e.g., pratyavekṣaṇā-jñāna (discriminating gnosis), with the four pratisaṃvid (special knowledges)]. [...] These associations are referenced to the Māyājālatantra in manuscript A (alone).
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
General definition (in Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-samgrahaPratyavekṣaṇā (प्रत्यवेक्षणा) or Pratyavekṣaṇājñāna refers to “knowledge of reflection” and represents one of the “five knowledges” (jñāna) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 94). The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., pratyavekṣaṇā). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.
Source: Google Books: Foundations of Indian PsychologyPratyavekṣaṇa (प्रत्यवेक्षण) or Pratyavekṣaṇajñāna refers to the “pristine wisdom of discrimination” which represents one of the five inseparable aspects of pristine wisdom in Buddhist Psychology.—The ‘pristine wisdom of discrimination’ (pratyavekṣaṇa-jñāna) differentiates and understands all details of phenomena. It engages with the entire sphere of experience to distinguish details. It is the capability behind the aggregate of perception. In the absence of the confusion of grounded perspectives, the power of attachment is transformed into its purified form as correct discernment, through unbiased engagement without exclusions and exaggerations. Thus the aggregate of imputed perceptions dissolves in this pristine wisdom.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryPratyavekṣaṇa (प्रत्यवेक्षण).—Taking care of, regard for, looking after; भव्यमुख्याः समारम्भाः प्रत्यवेक्ष्या निरत्ययाः (bhavyamukhyāḥ samārambhāḥ pratyavekṣyā niratyayāḥ) R.17.53.
Derivable forms: pratyavekṣaṇam (प्रत्यवेक्षणम्).
See also (synonyms): pratyavekṣā.
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Pratyavekṣaṇā (प्रत्यवेक्षणा).—(with Buddhists) One of the 5 kinds of knowledge.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryPratyavekṣaṇā (प्रत्यवेक्षणा).—(Sanskrit and [Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit] °ṇa, nt., and Pali paccavekkhanā, °na; Sanskrit and [Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit] also °vekṣā, Pali °vekkhā), thorough consideration, reflection, intellectual mastery; pratītyasamutpāda-pra° Kāśyapa Parivarta 94.2; °ṇā-jñāna, one of the five jñāna, q.v., Mahāvyutpatti 113; Dharmasaṃgraha 94; Gaṇḍavyūha 251.7. (The verb pratyavekṣati in Sanskrit, also [Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit], e.g. °kṣitvā, ger., Mahāvastu i.275.19.)
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryPratyavekṣaṇa (प्रत्यवेक्षण).—n.
(-ṇaṃ) Looking after, taking care of.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryPratyavekṣaṇa (प्रत्यवेक्षण).—regard, attention, care.
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Pratyavekṣaṇā (प्रत्यवेक्षणा).—[feminine] regard, attention, care.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Pratyavekṣaṇa (प्रत्यवेक्षण):—[=praty-avekṣaṇa] [from praty-avekṣ] n. looking after, care, attention, [Kāmandakīya-nītisāra; Manvarthamuktāvalī, kullūka bhaṭṭa’s Commentary on manu-smṛti]
2) Pratyavekṣaṇā (प्रत्यवेक्षणा):—[=praty-avekṣaṇā] [from praty-avekṣaṇa > praty-avekṣ] f. (with Buddhists) one of the 5 kinds of knowledge, [Dharmasaṃgraha 94.]
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryPratyavekṣaṇa (प्रत्यवेक्षण) [Also spelled pratyavekshan]:—(nm) deliberation, consideration of the pros and cons (of a matter).
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See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Avekshana, Prati.
Starts with: Pratyavekshanajnana, Pratyavekshanata.
Ends with: Apratyavekshana.
Full-text: Pratyavekshanata, Pratyavekshanajnana, Pratyaveksha, Pratyavekshan, Paccavekkhana, Avekshana, Five Knowledges, Jnana, Avekshanata, Amitabha, Iksh.
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Search found 3 books and stories containing Pratyavekshana, Pratyavekṣaṇā, Pratyavekṣaṇa, Prati-aveksana, Prati-avekṣaṇa, Prati-avekshana, Pratyaveksana, Prati-avekṣaṇā; (plurals include: Pratyavekshanas, Pratyavekṣaṇās, Pratyavekṣaṇas, aveksanas, avekṣaṇas, avekshanas, Pratyaveksanas, avekṣaṇās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
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