Pratyanika, Pratyanīka, Prati-anika: 11 definitions
Introduction:
Pratyanika means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Kavyashastra (science of poetry)
Source: Shodhganga: The Kavyavilasa of Ciranjiva Bhattacarya (kavyashastra)Pratyanīka (प्रत्यनीक) refers to one of the 93 alaṃkāras (“figures of speech”) mentioned by Cirañjīva Bhaṭṭācārya (fl. 17th century) in his Kāvyavilāsa and is listed as one of the 89 arthālaṃkāras (figure of speech determined by the sense, as opposed to sound).—Bhāmaha and Udbhaṭa have not mentioned pratyanīka. It is Rudraṭa who has first introduced this figure of speech. According to Mammaṭa and Ruyyaka (A. S. P. 164) when a person fails to injure his enemy directly and chooses anyone related to the enemy as his target of attack, it is the figure pratyanīka. Viśvanātha has expressed the same opinion regarding pratyanīka.
Cirañjīva defines pratyanīka as—“pratyanīkaṃ balavataḥ śatroḥ pakṣe parākramaḥ”.—“When prowess is shown towards one who is related with the stubborn enemy, it is the figure pratyanīka”. In fact when an enemy is too much powerful and he can not be conquered then if any one in his side is described to be defeated it is pratyanīka. Cirañjīva’s idea of pratyanīka is the same with the conception of Jayadeva expressed in the Candrāloka.
Example of the pratyanīka-alaṃkāra:—
aśakto’yaṃ tāvattava vadanasaundaryavijaye sudhādhāmā dhāmaprasararabhasādetya sahasā |
sarojātaṃ jātu spuṭatadanukārīti matito niśāyāṃ sāyānhāvadhi malinayatyeva mahasā ||“Being unable to conquere the beauty of your face, the cold rayed moon being delighted to spread its rays suddenly, turnish the lotus grown in lakes with rays starting from evening to night with the idea that it clearly resembles the face”.
Notes: In this verse the cold-rayed moon being unable to conquere the beauty of the face of the lady, turnish the lotus grown in lake which is in the side of the enemy as it imitates the beauty of the face of the lady. This description, gives rise to the figure of speech pratyanīka.
Kavyashastra (काव्यशास्त्र, kāvyaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian tradition of poetry (kavya). Canonical literature (shastra) of the includes encyclopedic manuals dealing with prosody, rhetoric and various other guidelines serving to teach the poet how to compose literature.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryPratyanīka (प्रत्यनीक).—a
1) hostile, opposed, inimical.
2) resisting, opposing.
3) opposite.
4) equal, vying with.
-kaḥ an enemy. (-kam) 1 hostility, enmity, hostile attitude or position; न शक्ताः प्रत्यनीकेषु स्थातुं मम सुरासुराः (na śaktāḥ pratyanīkeṣu sthātuṃ mama surāsurāḥ) Rām.
Pratyanīka is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms prati and anīka (अनीक).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryPratyanīka (प्रत्यनीक).—m.
(-kaḥ) An enemy. n.
(-kaṃ) Injuring one who cannot retaliate. E. prati against, anīka an army.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryPratyanīka (प्रत्यनीक).—i. e. prati-anīka, I. adj. sbst. Hostile, an enemy, [Bhāgavata-Purāṇa, (ed. Burnouf.)] 5, 24, 30. Ii. n. 1. A hostile army, Mahābhārata 7, 1986. 2. Enmity, 6, 571.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryPratyanīka (प्रत्यनीक).—[adjective] hostile, opposite; [masculine] enemy, rival; [neuter] enmity, hostile army.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Pratyanīka (प्रत्यनीक):—[=praty-anīka] [from praty > prati] mfn. hostile, opposed, injuring (with [genitive case])
2) [v.s. ...] withstanding, resisting, [Mahābhārata; Bhāgavata-purāṇa; Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha]
3) [v.s. ...] opposite, [Suśruta; Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha]
4) [v.s. ...] equal, vying with, [Kāvyādarśa]
5) [v.s. ...] m. an adversary, enemy, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
6) [v.s. ...] n. a hostile army, [Mahābhārata; Harivaṃśa]
7) [v.s. ...] hostility, enmity, a hostile relation, h° position, rivality (sg. and [plural]), [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa]
8) [v.s. ...] injuring the relatives of an enemy who cannot be injured himself, [Pratāparudrīya; Kāvyaprakāśa; Kuvalayānanda]
9) [v.s. ...] injuring one who cannot retaliate (?), [Horace H. Wilson]
10) Pratyānīka (प्रत्यानीक):—[=praty-ānīka] [from praty > prati] m. (with rājan) a [particular] personification, [Śāṅkhāyana-gṛhya-sūtra]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryPratyanīka (प्रत्यनीक):—[pratya+nīka] (kaḥ) 1. m. An enemy. n. Injuring the helpless.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Pratyanīka (प्रत्यनीक) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Paccaṇīya, Paḍaṇīa, Paḍiṇāya.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusPratyanīka (ಪ್ರತ್ಯನೀಕ):—
1) [noun] a man who feels enmity, hatred or malice toward another person; an enemy; a foe.
2) [noun] the military force of one’s enemy.
3) [noun] a feeling or condition of hostility; hatred; ill will; animosity; antagonism; enmity.
4) [noun] an averting, turning aside, preventing something or something being averted, turned aside or prevented from happening.
5) [noun] (rhet.) a kind of figure of speech used in describing the act of a person who injures the relatives of an enemy instead of the enemy himself.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Anika, Praty, Prati.
Starts with: Pratyanikabhava, Pratyanikalamkara, Pratyanikatva.
Ends with: Vipratipratyanika, Vipratyanika.
Full-text: Padania, Pratyanikabhava, Pratyanikatva, Vipratyanika, Pratyanikalamkara, Vipratipratyanika, Paccaniya, Padinaya, Paccatthika, Paccanika, Alamkara, Vacyalankara.
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Search found 8 books and stories containing Pratyanika, Pratyanīka, Prati-anika, Prati-anīka, Praty-anika, Praty-anīka, Pratyānīka, Praty-ānīka; (plurals include: Pratyanikas, Pratyanīkas, anikas, anīkas, Pratyānīkas, ānīkas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 10.211 [Pratyanīka] < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 10.212 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Bhagavati-sutra (Viyaha-pannatti) (by K. C. Lalwani)
Part 1 - On adversaries < [Chapter 8]
Sankhayana-grihya-sutra (by Hermann Oldenberg)
Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati Dāsa)
Verse 3.2.140 < [Chapter 2 - Description of the Lord’s Travel Through Bhuvaneśvara and Other Placesto Jagannātha Purī]
Alamkaras mentioned by Vamana (by Pratim Bhattacharya)
1-2: The number of Alaṃkāras (poetic figures) mentioned < [Chapter 5 - A Comparative study of the different alaṃkāras mentioned by Vāmana]
3: The classification of poetic figures < [Chapter 5 - A Comparative study of the different alaṃkāras mentioned by Vāmana]
12: Definition of Virodha Alaṃkāra < [Chapter 4 - Arthālaṃkāras mentioned by Vāmana]
Shishupala-vadha (Study) (by Shila Chakraborty)
Knowledge of Rhetoric (Alaṃkāra) in the Śiśupālavadha < [Introduction]