In Hinduism

Kavyashastra (science of poetry)

Source: Shodhganga: The Kavyavilasa of Ciranjiva Bhattacarya (kavyashastra)

Pratīpopamā (प्रतीपोपमा) refers to one of the 93 alaṃkāras (“figures of speech”) mentioned by Cirañjīva Bhaṭṭācārya (fl. 17th century) in his Kāvyavilāsa and is listed as one of the 89 arthālaṃkāras (figure of speech determined by the sense, as opposed to sound).— Traditional Ālaṃkārikas like Bhāmaha, Udbhaṭa, Vāmana, Mammaṭa and Viśvanātha etc. have not admitted pratipopamā. It is Jayadeva who speaks of pratipopamā in his Candrāloka.

Cirañjīva has admitted pratipopamā in the line of Jayadeva. According to this definition when an upamāna becomes upameya it is called pratipopamā. In fact when an object which is usually known as upamāna becomes upameya, the figure is pratipopamā.

Example of the pratīpopamā-alaṃkāra:—

todāsyasadṛśaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ sarasīṣu saroruham |
kiñca tatpuline khelatkhañjanā nayanopamāḥ ||

“In the lakes the lotuses are seen like your face and even the khañjanā bird which is playing in the bank of that lake is compared with your eyes”.

Notes: It is traditional that the lotus is upamāna and the face is upameya. But in this particular instance the traditional concept has been left. Here the lotus has been treated as upameya and the face has been described as upamāna. The same is the case with lotus and the khañjanā bird. So it is a good example of pratipopamā.

context information

Kavyashastra (काव्यशास्त्र, kāvyaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian tradition of poetry (kavya). Canonical literature (shastra) of the includes encyclopedic manuals dealing with prosody, rhetoric and various other guidelines serving to teach the poet how to compose literature.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Partial matches: Upama, Pratipa.

Full-text: Pratipa, Alamkara.

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