Pratipad: 14 definitions

Introduction
In Hinduism
1. Jyotisha
2. Purana
In Buddhism
1. Mahayana
India history
Languages
1. Sanskrit
See also

Introduction:

Pratipad means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

In Hinduism

Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wikibooks (hi): Sanskrit Technical Terms

Pratipad (प्रतिपद्).—The first tithi of either half of the lunar month. Note: Pratipad is a Sanskrit technical term used in ancient Indian sciences such as Astronomy, Mathematics and Geometry.

context information

Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

Pratipad (प्रतिपद्) refers to the “first day of the lunar fortnight”, mentioned as a period when oil-baths (tailābhyaṅga) are partially prohibited, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.1.13, while explaining the mode of worshipping Śiva:—“[...] oil bath (tailābhyaṅga) shall be taken on particular days of the week according to convention in the society. If one is accustomed to take oil bath everyday or if one is using scented oil breaking the convention, it is not faulty. Otherwise one should avoid Śrāddha days, days of eclipse (grahaṇa), fast days (upavāsa-dina) and the first day of the lunar fortnight (pratipad) for oil baths. Except on the days of eclipse mustard oil (sarṣapa-taila) can be used on other days”.

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

Pratipad (प्रतिपद्) refers to the “two kinds of paths” (of the Buddha), according to Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter 41).—Accordingly, “[The Non-existence of Time According to the Mahāyāna].—[...] Furthermore, the Buddha has two kinds of paths (pratipad): (1). The path of merit (puṇya-pratipad), if a person, hearing about the ten powers of the Buddha, his four fearlessnesses, his four unhindered knowledges and his eighteen special attributes, produces minds of veneration and faith. (2). The path of wisdom (prajñā-pratipad), if a person hearing that dharmas coming from the complex of causes and conditions are without self-nature, abandons all these dharmas, but does not become attached in mind to emptiness. [...]”.

context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

India history and geography

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Pratipad.—(CII 1), ‘to follow’; same as anuvṛt, anupratipad. (Select Inscriptions, p. 281, text line 10); cf. pratipādya, ‘having decided’. Note: pratipad is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Languages of India and abroad

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Pratipad (प्रतिपद्).—4 Ā.

1) To step or go towards, approach, resort or betake oneself to; उमामुखं तु प्रतिपद्य लोलाद् द्विसंश्रयां प्रीतिमवाप लक्ष्मीः (umāmukhaṃ tu pratipadya lolād dvisaṃśrayāṃ prītimavāpa lakṣmīḥ) Kumārasambhava 1.43.

2) To enter upon, step upon, take, follow (as a way &c.); इतः पन्थानं प्रतिपद्यस्व (itaḥ panthānaṃ pratipadyasva) Ś.4; प्रतिपत्स्ये पदवीमहं तवं (pratipatsye padavīmahaṃ tavaṃ) Kumārasambhava 4.1.

3) To arrive at, reach; attain; मरणमप्यपराः प्रतिपेदिरे (maraṇamapyaparāḥ pratipedire) Śiśupālavadha 6.16.

4) To get, gain, obtain, share, partake; स हि तस्य न केवलां श्रियं प्रतिपेदे सकलान् गुणानपि (sa hi tasya na kevalāṃ śriyaṃ pratipede sakalān guṇānapi) R.8.5,13;4.1,41; 11.34;12.7;19.55; तदोत्तमविदां लोकानमलान् प्रतिपद्यते (tadottamavidāṃ lokānamalān pratipadyate) Bhagavadgītā (Bombay) 14.14; Śiśupālavadha 1.63.

5) To accept, take to; प्रतिपत्तुमङ्ग घटते च न तव नृपयोग्यमर्हणम् (pratipattumaṅga ghaṭate ca na tava nṛpayogyamarhaṇam) Śiśupālavadha 15.22;16.24.

6) To recover, reobtain, regain, receive; प्रायः स्वं महिमानं क्षोभात् प्रतिपद्यते जन्तुः (prāyaḥ svaṃ mahimānaṃ kṣobhāt pratipadyate jantuḥ) Ś.6.31; Kumārasambhava 4.16;7.22.

7) To admit, acknowledge; न मासे प्रतिपत्तासे मां चेन्मर्तासि मैथिलि (na māse pratipattāse māṃ cenmartāsi maithili) Bhaṭṭikāvya 8.95; Ś.5.23; प्रमदाः पतिवर्त्मगा इति प्रतिपन्नं हि विचेतनैरपि (pramadāḥ pativartmagā iti pratipannaṃ hi vicetanairapi) Kumārasambhava 4.33.

8) To hold, grasp, seize; सुमन्त्रप्रतिपन्नरश्मिभिः (sumantrapratipannaraśmibhiḥ) R.14.47;

9) To consider, regard, deem, look upon; तद्धनुर्ग्रहणमेव राघवः प्रत्यपद्यत समर्थमुत्तरम् (taddhanurgrahaṇameva rāghavaḥ pratyapadyata samarthamuttaram) R.11.79.

1) To undertake, promise to do, take in hand; निर्वाहः प्रतिपन्नवस्तुषु सतामेतद् हि गोत्रव्रतम् (nirvāhaḥ pratipannavastuṣu satāmetad hi gotravratam) Mu.2.18; कार्यं त्वया नः प्रतिपन्नकल्पम् (kāryaṃ tvayā naḥ pratipannakalpam) Kumārasambhava 3.14; R.1.4.

11) To assent or agree to, consent; तथेति प्रतिपन्नाय (tatheti pratipannāya) R.15.93.

12) To do, perform, practise, observe; आचार प्रतिपद्यस्व (ācāra pratipadyasva) Ś.4; V.2 'do the formal obeisance'; शासनमर्हतां प्रतिपद्यध्वम् (śāsanamarhatāṃ pratipadyadhvam) Mu.4.18 'act up to or obey'.

13) To act or behave towards, deal, do anything to any one (with gen. or loc.); स कालयवनश्चापि किं कृष्णे प्रत्यपद्यत (sa kālayavanaścāpi kiṃ kṛṣṇe pratyapadyata) Hariv.; स भवान् मातृपितृवदस्मासु प्रतिपद्यताम् (sa bhavān mātṛpitṛvadasmāsu pratipadyatām) Mb.; कथमहं प्रतिपत्स्ये (kathamahaṃ pratipatsye) Ś.5; न युक्तं भवतास्मासु प्रतिपत्तुमसांप्रतम् (na yuktaṃ bhavatāsmāsu pratipattumasāṃpratam) Mb.

14) To give or return (as a reply); कथं प्रतिवचनमपि न प्रतिपद्यसे (kathaṃ prativacanamapi na pratipadyase) Mu.6; न जाने किं तातः प्रतिपत्स्यत इति (na jāne kiṃ tātaḥ pratipatsyata iti) Ś.4.

15) To perceive, become aware of.

16) To know, understand, become acquainted with, learn, discover.

17) To roam, wander.

18) To take place, occur.

19) To restore.

2) To permit, allow.

21) To take place, happen.

22) To go back, return. (-Caus.)

1) To give, present, bestow, confer upon, impart; अर्थिभ्यः प्रतिपाद्यमानमनिशं प्राप्नोति वृद्धिं पराम् (arthibhyaḥ pratipādyamānamaniśaṃ prāpnoti vṛddhiṃ parām) Bhartṛhari 2.16; Manusmṛti 11.4; गुणवते कन्या प्रतिपादनीया (guṇavate kanyā pratipādanīyā) Ś.4.

2) To substantiate, prove, establish by proof; उक्तमेवार्थ- मुदाहरणेन प्रतिपादयति (uktamevārtha- mudāharaṇena pratipādayati).

3) To explain, expound.

4) To bring or lead back, convey or transport (to a place)

5) To regard, consider.

6) To assert, declare to be represent.

7) To procure.

8) To effect, accomplish.

9) To communicate, teach.

1) To appoint to, install (loc.)

11) To prepare, get ready.

12) To dispose off; एष हि न्यायो यदन्यत्र कृतार्थमन्यत्र प्रतिपाद्यते (eṣa hi nyāyo yadanyatra kṛtārthamanyatra pratipādyate) ŚB on MS.4.2.21

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Pratipad (प्रतिपद्).—f.

1) Access, entrance, way.

2) Beginning, commencement.

3) Intelligence, intellect.

4) The first day of a lunar fortnight.

5) A kettle-drum.

6) An introductory stanza.

7) Rank.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Pratipad (प्रतिपद्).—f., also °dā (= Pali paṭipadā), course of conduct, practice, behavior, especially good, approved behavior, = pratipatti, q.v.; according to Childers and [Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary], so also primarily Pali paṭipadā; this meaning is recognized by Speyer on Avadāna-śataka ii.130.2, which he reads by em. araṇya-°daṃ samādāya (better, I think araṇāṃ pra°, see s.v. araṇya; in that case render passionless way of behavior); he also accepts this meaning in puṇyāṃ pratipadam udbhāvayan dānadamasaṃyamādibhiḥ Jātakamālā 100.10, displaying meritorious behavior by…; vākpragraheṇa pratipanmayena Jātakamālā 105.2, by (the kind of) acceptance of his words which consists of behavior, i.e. by not only assenting verbally but putting them into practice; (anayāpi…caryayānayāpi) pratipadā Lalitavistara 263.11 (pratipad = caryā), and similarly 264.18; often rendered way, path, and called ‘a quasi-synonym of magga’ in [Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary]; this is due to the fact that the middle course of conduct, madhyamā pratipad(ā), is (in [Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit] as in Pali) identified with the eight-fold way (mārga) stated in the fourth Noble Truth, but the terms are quite differ- ently defined, ma° pra° being the course of behavior which steers between the two extremes (anta) of violent asceiticism and worldliness; the lack of real synonymity between Pali magga and paṭipadā is shown, e.g., by Dīghanikāya (Pali) ii.154.25-26 (kaṅkhā vā vimati vā) Buddhe vā dhamme vā saṃghe vā magge vā paṭipadāya vā (obviously different things must be meant); madhyamayaiva pratipadā Lalitavistara 416.21 (con- trasted with amadhyamā pratipad = violent asceticism, 416.19); here as elsewhere such a statement introduces the Four Noble Truths, the fourth of which is duḥkhaniro- dhagāminī pratipad (with or without āryasatyam, in Lalitavistara 417.3, 12 without it, in 12 = eṣa evāryāṣṭāṅgamārgaḥ); so Mahāvyutpatti 1314, 1319, 1324; Mahāvastu ii.138.5 (with āryasatyam) and 10 (without it); 285.4 (without it); Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 179.3 (with it); more metaphysical interpretations of the term madhyamā pratipad in Bodhisattvabhūmi 39.26; Kāśyapa Parivarta 52.6 and repeatedly in following sections; one of the ten bala of a Tathāgata is sarvatragā- manī-pratipaj-jñānam Mahāvyutpatti 125, compare sarvatragāminī-(the more usual form)-pratipatti-jñāna-balam Dharmasaṃgraha 76 (note obvious equivalence of pratipad and pratipatti!), power of knowledge of courses of conduct which may lead to any result; in same context sarvatragāminīṃ ca prati- padaṃ (v.l. °dāṃ) vetti Mahāvastu i.159.13 (verse), and, for another, see s.v. pratipadā; parānukampā-pratipad Jātakamālā 28.7, conducting oneself with compassion for others; nairyāṇika- (and °kī) pratipad, see s.v. nairyāṇika; śaikṣa-pratipady uttarikaraṇīyam (see this) Sukhāvatīvyūha 2.13, in the course (practice; here we could also, no doubt, translate path) of the śaikṣa (q.v.); there are four courses of conduct (Tibetan lam, way, path, but also manner of conduct) Mahāvyutpatti 1244—1248, viz duḥkhā pra° dhandhābhijñā, sukhā pra° dhandhābhijñā, duḥkhā pra° kṣiprābhijñā, sukhā pra° kṣiprā° (for the corresponding Pali list, and interpretation, see Childers s.v. paṭipadā). See also next.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Pratipad (प्रतिपद्).—f. (-pad-pat) 1. The first day of a lunar fortnight, the first of the moon’s increase or wane. 2. Beginning, commencement. 3. Understanding, intellect. 4. Rank, consequence. 5. A kettle drum. E. prati severally, pad to go, and kvip aff.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Pratipad (प्रतिपद्).—[prati-pad], f. 1. The first day of a lunar fortnight, the first of the moon’s increase or wane, especially that of its increase, [Rāmāyaṇa] 2, 122, 28 Gorr. 2. Understanding.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Pratipad (प्रतिपद्).—[feminine] access, entrance, beginning, commencement, first day of a half-month; introductory verse or stanza (r).

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Pratipad (प्रतिपद्).—step to, enter upon, resort to, get at or into, meet with ([accusative]), undertake, begin; happen, take place; perform, accomplish, make = reddere (2 [accusative]), do anything to, behave towards ([locative], [genetive], or [accusative]); find out, learn, understand, think, judge ([with] anyathā falsely); accede, yield, consent, confess, promise, answer (±uttaram). [Causative] lead or bring to ([accusative]); get, procure; give (also in marriage) to, present, bestow on (2 [accusative] or [accusative] of th. & [locative], [dative], or [genetive] of [person or personal]); cause, effect, produce; make clear, explain, teach, show.

Pratipad is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms prati and pad (पद्).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Pratipad (प्रतिपद्):—[=prati-pad] a ind. (cf. prati-√pad, p.667) = -padam

2) [=prati-√pad] b [Ātmanepada] -padyate ([Epic] [future] also -patsyati), to set foot upon, enter, go or resort to, arrive at, reach, attain, [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā] etc. etc.;

2) —to walk, wander, roam, [Chāndogya-upaniṣad];

2) —to come back to ([accusative]), return, [Mahābhārata];

2) —to happen, occur, take place, [Pāraskara-gṛhya-sūtra; Mahābhārata];

2) —to get into ([accusative]), meet, with, find, obtain, receive, take in or upon one’s self, [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa] etc. etc.;

2) —to receive back, recover, [Aitareya-brāhmaṇa; Śakuntalā];

2) —to restore to favour, [Raghuvaṃśa];

2) —to undertake, begin ([accusative] [dative case] or [infinitive mood]), practise, perform, accomplish, [Nirukta, by Yāska; Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.;

2) —to do anything to any person, act or proceed or behave towards or against ([locative case] [genitive case] or [accusative]), [Mahābhārata; Harivaṃśa; Rāmāyaṇa];

2) —to make, render, [Mahābhārata];

2) —to fall to a person’s ([accusative]) lot or share, [Pāraskara-gṛhya-sūtra];

2) —to let a person ([dative case]) have anything, [Āpastamba];

2) —to give back, restore, [Manu-smṛti viii, 183];

2) —to perceive, find out, discover, become aware of or acquainted with, understand, learn, [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa] etc.;

2) —to deem, consider, regard, [Śaṃkarācārya; Sāhitya-darpaṇa];

2) —to answer affirmatively say yes (with or [scilicet] tathā, or tatheti), acknowledge, assent, agree, promise, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.;

2) —to begin to speak, commence (with [accusative] or [instrumental case]), [Ṛg-veda; Brāhmaṇa];

2) —to answer, [Chāndogya-upaniṣad] (also with uttaram, [Rāmāyaṇa]) :

2) —[Causal] -pādayati, to convey or lead to, procure, cause to partake of (2 [accusative]). give a present to, bestow on ([locative case] [dative case] or [genitive case]), [Kauśika-sūtra; Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.;

2) —to give in marriage, [Āpastamba];

2) —to spend, [ib.];

2) —to present with ([instrumental case]), [Kāraṇḍa-vyūha];

2) —to put in, appoint to ([locative case]), [Rāmāyaṇa];

2) —to produce, cause, effect, [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa] etc.;

2) —to establish, substantiate, prove, set forth, explain, teach, impart, [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa] etc.;

2) —to deem, consider, regard as (2 [accusative]), [Pañcatantra] ([varia lectio] -vadasi for -pādayasi) :—[Desiderative] -pitsate ([Pāṇini 7-4, 54]), to wish to attain, [Śaṃkarācārya];

2) —to wish to know, [Bhāminī-vilāsa] :

2) —[Desiderative] of [Causal] -pipādayiṣati, to wish or intend to explain or analyze, [Śaṃkarācārya]

3) [=prati-pad] c f. access, ingress, entrance, [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa]

4) [v.s. ...] the path to be walked, the right path, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

5) [v.s. ...] beginning, commencement, [Taittirīya-saṃhitā; Taittirīya-brāhmaṇa]

6) [v.s. ...] an introductory verse or stanza, [Brāhmaṇa; ???]

7) [v.s. ...] (also padā or padī) the first day of a lunar fortnight ([especially] of the moon’s wane), [Agni-purāṇa; cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

8) [v.s. ...] understanding, intelligence, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

9) [v.s. ...] taste for anything, [Jātakamālā]

10) [v.s. ...] rank, consequence, [Horace H. Wilson]

11) [v.s. ...] a kettle-drum, [ib.]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Pratipad (प्रतिपद्):—[(d-t)] 5. f. The first day of the moon’s increase or wane; intellect; rank; kettle-drum.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Pratipad (प्रतिपद्) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Parivajja.

[Sanskrit to German]

Pratipad in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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