Parajika, Pārājika, Pārājikā: 5 definitions
Introduction:
Parajika means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Buddhism
Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Pali Kanon: Pali Proper NamesThe first of the two divisions of the Sutta Vibhanga of the Vinaya Pitaka.
Source: Dhamma Dana: Pali English GlossaryT (That which does generate loss). Serious fault causing the loss of the status of bhikkhu for life. There are four parajikas (sexual intercourse, theft, murder, claim about non obtained realisations). There are 4 parajika.
- Refrain from having sexual intercourse.
- Refrain from stealing.
- Refrain from commiting murder.
- Refrain from claiming attainments of stages of pure mental concentration that have not been achieved.
See also: The 4 parajikas
Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarypārājika : (adj.) one who has committed the gravest transgression of the rules for bhikkhus.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryPārājika, (etym. doubtful; suggested are parā+aj (Burnouf); para+ji; pārācika (S. Lévi, see Geiger, P. Gr. § 38, n. 3; also Childers s. v.)) one who has committed a grave transgression of the rules for bhikkhus; one who merits expulsion (see on term Vin. Texts I. 3; Miln. translation I. 268; II, 78) Vin. I, 172; II, 101, 242; A. II, 241; III, 252; V, 70; J. VI, 70, 112; Miln. 255; Vism. 22; KhA 97, DhA. I, 76 (as one of the divisions of the Suttavibhaṅga, see also Vin. III, 1 sq.). (Page 454)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryPārājika (पाराजिक).—f. °kā, adj. (= Pali id.; on [etymology] see Lévi, JA. Nov.-Dec. 1912, 505 f., who assumes Pktic form for *pārācika, from parāc-, parāñc-, plus -ika; as Lévi notes, Pali comms. connect with parā-jayati; so also Northern Buddhists must sometimes have taken it, since Bodhisattvabhūmi uses pārājayika, q.v., which may be only a hyper-Sanskritism, see Wogihara, Lex. 34; Lévi notes AMg. pārañciya as supporting his view, suggesting derivation from Sanskrit parāñc-; a mysterious Sanskrit pārañcika, according to Schmidt, Nachträge, Bruch, Verletzung, occurs in Kauṭ. Arth., 195.16 in Sham.^1, hastapāda-°kaṃ vā kurvataḥ, or of one causing injury(?) to hands or feet; neither Meyer, 307.11 and note 4, nor Gaṇapati, who glosses by parāñcikam anyathābhāvaṃ saṃdhivighaṭanam iti yāvad, can offer any real explanation of the word, but it looks startlingly like the AMg. form), involving expulsion from the order of monks; of the utmost gravity (of a sin): catvāraḥ °kā dharmāḥ Mahāvyutpatti 8358; the four are listed 8364—7 as unchastity, stealing, taking life, and falsely claiming superhuman powers (uttaramanuṣya- dharma-pralāpa, see s.v. uttari); the same four in Pali (for the last, uttarimanussadhammaṃ…) Vin. iii.1 ff.; °kā dharmāḥ [Prātimokṣasūtra des Sarvāstivādins] 476.7; °Kenā dharmeṇanudhvaṃsayet 481.6, should accuse falsely of a pār° offense; f., without [Page342-b+ 71] noun (sc. vipatti or āpatti), amūlikayā °jikayā Mūla-Sarvāstivāda-Vinaya iii.109.21; āpat pārājikā Śikṣāsamuccaya 66.16, a pār° offense; said of the person guilty of such an offense, deserving of ex- pulsion, °ko bhavati [Prātimokṣasūtra des Sarvāstivādins] 477.1, 5; 478.5; similarly Śikṣāsamuccaya 143.7; (bhikṣuṇī…) °jikā Bhikṣuṇī-karmavācanā 28b.1; in Śikṣāsamuccaya 59.12 read parājitaḥ, with same phrase in 60.12, 61.3, instead of text pārājikaḥ, compare Bendall and Rouse p.61 note 3. Cf. also next.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Parajikakanda, Parajikallu.
Ends with: Auparajika, Ulaparajika.
Full-text (+4): Parajayika, Parajikakanda, Aniyata, Nissaggya, Aparajikiya, Desana, Dalhika, Sanghadisesa, Thullaccaya, Bharukacchaka Vatthu, Amulaka, Vaggamudatiriya, Laishika, Dutthulla, Vibhanga, Samghavashesha, Vinayapitaka, Sudinna, Sundari Nanda, Bhaddiya.
Relevant text
Search found 27 books and stories containing Parajika, Pārājika, Pārājikā; (plurals include: Parajikas, Pārājikas, Pārājikās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Vinaya (1): The Patimokkha (by T. W. Rhys Davids)
Buddhist Monastic Discipline (by Jotiya Dhirasekera)
Chapter VIII - The Codified Law of the Sangha
Chapter XIV - The Disciplinary Code of the Bhikkhunis
Vinaya Pitaka (1): Bhikkhu-vibhanga (the analysis of Monks’ rules) (by I. B. Horner)
Eight sections of the Pātimokkha rules < [Translator’s Introduction]
The translation of the Pārājika rules < [Preface to the SuttaCentral edition]
The Suttavibhaṅga (analysis of a sutta) < [Translator’s Introduction]
Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra
Chapter IX - On Wrong and Right < [Section One]
Chapter VII - On the Four Aspects < [Section One]
Guide to Tipitaka (by U Ko Lay)
Book 1 - Parajika Pali < [Chapter II - Vinaya Pitaka]
(a) Seven Kinds Of Transgression Or Offence < [Chapter I - What Is Vinaya Pitaka?]
Bihar and Eastern Uttar Pradesh (early history) (by Prakash Narayan)
Craft production < [Chapter 2 - Economic and Urban Processes]
Urbanization and expansion of Agriculture < [Chapter 2 - Economic and Urban Processes]
Empirical Relevance of Vanna, Jati and Kula < [Chapter 4 - Social Process, Structures and Reformations]