Maru: 40 definitions
Introduction:
Maru means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi, biology, Tamil. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: Wisdom Library: Bhagavata Purana1) Maru (मरु):—Son of Śīghra (son of Agnivarna). He had a son named Prasuśruta. He will also beget a son at the end of the Kali-yuga. (see Bhāgavata Purāṇa 9.12.6-7)
2) Maru (मरु):—Son of Haryaśva (son of Dhṛṣṭaketu). He had a son named Pratīpaka. (see Bhāgavata Purāṇa 9.13.15-16)
Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia1) Maru (मरु).—A king of the Ikṣvāku dynasty, the father of Prasuśruta and son of Śīghra. He had become "Cirañjīvī" (immortal) by his Yogic power. According to Bhāgavata Purāṇa, all Kṣatriya families would perish in Kaliyuga. At that time, Maru would come back to the world to revive the Kṣatriya race. (Bhāgavata, 9th Skandha).
2) Maru (मरु).—A Videha king of the Nimi dynasty. (Bhāgavata, 9th Skandha).
3) Maru (मरु).—One of the chief lieutenants of Narakāsura. He was slain by Śrī Kṛṣṇa.
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationMaru (मरु) or Marusthalī refers to the “desert (region)”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.5.4 (“The Tripuras are initiated).—Accordingly, as Viṣṇu instructed his self-created Puruṣa to delude the Asuras in the Three Cities: “[...] O ascetic, no doubt, Vedic and Smārta rites flourish and shine there. But these shall certainly be exploded through this Vidyā. O you with shaven head, you shall go there for destroying the residents of the three cities. Revealing the Tamasika rites, destroy the three cities. After that, O great one, you shall go to the desert region (maru-sthalī) and stay there carrying on your own duties and activities till the advent of the Kali age. [...]”.
Note: The desert (Maru) lying to the north-west of Gujarat and to the north of Dvārakā is also called the Thar or Rājaputānā desert. It includes a portion of Mārwar and Jodhpur area also. It is said to be famous for its camels. See Sircar ‘Studies in the Geography of Ancient and Medieval India’ (D. C. Sarkar).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) Maru (मरु).—The name of a desert;1 water in, due to ignorance.2
1b) The son of Śighrarāja and father of Praśruta (Prasuśraka, Viṣṇu-purāṇa); having attained perfection in yoga he resides in Kalāpagrāma (still rooted in Yoga, Viṣṇu-purāṇa): would revive the solar race at the end of Kali.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa IX. 12. 5-7; Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 63. 210-11. Viṣṇu-purāṇa IV. 4. 108-11.
1c) A son of Haryaśva and father of Pratīpaka (Pratyambaka br. p.; Pratitvaka, Vāyu-purāṇa).*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa IX. 13. 15-6; Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 64. 11. Vāyu-purāṇa 89. 11.
1d) (c)—on the way from Dvārakā to Hāstinapura.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa X. 71. 21.
1e) Of the Ikṣvāku line, living in Kalāpagrāma and endowed with Yoga.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa XII. 2. 37.
1f) A son of the III Sāvarṇa Manu.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 1. 81.
1g) The place sacred to Lalitā.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 44. 98.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
Source: VedaBase: Śrīmad BhāgavatamThe son of Agnivarṇa was named Śīghra, and his son was Maru. Having achieved perfection in the power of mystic yoga, Maru still lives in a place known as Kalāpa-grāma. At the end of Kali-yuga, he will revive the lost Sūrya dynasty by begetting a son.
Source: Divya Kataksham: Sri Vishnu SahasranamamMaru (मरु).—Rama released that splendid arrow towards that place which is now known as Maru and is near the deserts of Jaisalmer in Rajasthan. Due to the granting of a boon by Rama, the desert of Maru became the most congenial and suitable place for living, bestowing merits of Lord Rama’s blessings.
Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).
Kavya (poetry)
Source: Shodhganga: The Kavyamimamsa of RajasekharaMāru (मारु) is the name a locality mentioned in Rājaśekhara’s 10th-century Kāvyamīmāṃsā.—Rājaputanā or Marwar.
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)
Source: Wisdom Library: Raj NighantuMaru (मरु) is a synonym for a “desert wasteland”, according to the second chapter (dharaṇyādi-varga) of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu (an Ayurvedic encyclopedia). The Dharaṇyādi-varga covers the lands, soil [viz., Maru], mountains, jungles and vegetation’s relations between trees and plants and substances, with their various kinds.
Unclassified Ayurveda definitions
Source: Knowledge Traditions & Practices of India: Agriculture: A SurveyMāru (मारु, “desert”) refers to one of the twelve types of lands mentioned in the Amarakoṣa and classified according to fertility of the soil, irrigation and physical characteristics. Agriculture (kṛṣi) is frequently mentioned in India’s ancient literature.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: academia.edu: A Critical Study of the Vajraḍākamahātantrarāja (II) (shaivism)Maru (मरु) refers to one of the twenty-four sacred districts mentioned in the Kubjikāmatatantra (chapter 22). Prayāga is presided over by the Goddess (Devī) named Kramaṇī accompanied by the Field-protector (Kṣetrapāla) named Karāla. Their weapon possibly corresponds to the aṅkuśa. A similar system appears in the 9th century Vajraḍākatantra (chapter 18).
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by VarahamihiraMaru (मरु) (or Marukaccha, Marukucca) refers to a country (identified with the Mārwārīs) belonging to “Madhyadeśa (central division)” classified under the constellations of Kṛttikā, Rohiṇī and Mṛgaśīrṣa, according to the system of Kūrmavibhāga, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 14), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “The countries of the Earth beginning from the centre of Bhāratavarṣa and going round the east, south-east, south, etc., are divided into 9 divisions corresponding to the 27 lunar asterisms at the rate of 3 for each division and beginning from Kṛttikā. The constellations of Kṛttikā, Rohiṇī and Mṛgaśīrṣa represent the Madhyadeśa or central division consisting of the countries of [i.e., Maru] [...]”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Source: Apam Napat: Indian MythologyMaru was a king of the solar dynasty, the son of Shigragha, and an ancestor of Rama. Prashushruka is his son.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Wisdomlib Libary: VajrayoginiMaru (मरु) is the name of a sacred site (pīṭha) presided over by Cakravartinī, according to the vārāhyabhyudaya-maṇḍala. Cakravartinī is a deity situated in one of the six petals of the southern lotus, of which the presiding deity is kuleśvarī (presiding lady) named Pāṇḍaravāsinī. The central deity of the vārāhyabhyudaya-maṇḍala is the twelve-armed Vajravarāhī.
Maru is one of the twenty-four pīṭhas, or ‘sacred-site’ (six lotuses each having six petals), each corresponding with a part of the human body. Maru is to be contemplated as situated in the large toes. Besides being associated with a bodily spot, each pīṭha represents an actual place of ancient India frequented particularly by advanced tantric practitioners
Source: academia.edu: A Critical Study of the Vajraḍākamahātantrarāja (II)1) Maru (मरु) is one of the two Upaśmaśāna (‘sacred spot’) present within the Kāyacakra (‘circle of body’) which is associated with the Ḍākinī named Pātālavāsinī (‘a woman living underground’), according to the 9th-centruy Vajraḍākatantra. Vākcakra is one of three Cakras within the Tricakra system which embodies twenty-four sacred spots or districts (viz., Maru) resided over by twenty-four ‘sacred girls’ (ḍākinīs) whose husbands abide in one’s body in the form of twenty-four ingredients (dhātu) of one’s body.
Maru has the presiding Ḍākinī named Cakravartinī whose husband, or hero (vīra) is named Vajrocana. The associated internal location are the ‘thumbs of feet’ and the bodily ingredients (dhātu) are the ‘phlegm’. According to the Vajraḍākavivṛti, the districts Kulatā, Maru, Pretapurī and Triśakuni are associated with the family deity of Vārāhī; while in the Abhidhānottarottaratantra there is the Ḍāka deity named Viśvaḍāka standing in the center of the districts named Nagara, Sindhu, Maru and Kulatā.
2) Maru (मरु) refers to one of the twenty-four sacred districts mentioned in the 9th century Vajraḍākatantra (chapter 18). These districts are not divided into subgroups, nor are explained their internal locations. They [viz., Maru] are external holy places, where the Tantric meting is held with native women who are identified as a native goddess. A similar system appears in the tradition of Hindu Tantrims, i.e., in the Kubjikāmatatantra (chapter 22), which belongs to the Śākta sect or Śaivism.
Maru is presided over by the Goddess (Devī) named Kramaṇī accompanied by the Field-protector (Kṣetrapāla) named Karāla. Their weapon possibly corresponds to the aṅkuśa and pāśa and their abode (residence) is mentioned as being a big desert.
Source: OSU Press: Cakrasamvara SamadhiMaru (मरु) is the pīṭha associated with Cakravartiṇī and Vairocana, according to the Cakrasaṃvara-maṇḍala or Saṃvaramaṇḍala of Abhayākaragupta’s Niṣpannayogāvalī, p. 45 and n. 145; (Cf. Cakrasaṃvaratantra, Gray, David B., 2007).—The Cakrasaṃvara mandala has a total of sixty-two deities. [...] Three concentric circles going outward, the body, speech and mind wheels (kāya-vāka-citta), in the order: mind (blue), speech (red), and body (white), with eight Ḍākinīs each in non-dual union with their Ḍākas, "male consorts".
Associated elements of Cakravartiṇī and Vairocana:
Circle: kāyacakra (body-wheel) (white);
Ḍākinī (female consort): Cakravartiṇī;
Ḍāka (male consort): Vairocana;
Bīja: maṃ;
Body-part: toes;
Pīṭha: Maru;
Bodily constituent: kheṭa (saliva);
Bodhipakṣa (wings of enlightenment): samyaksaṃkalpa (right intention).
Maru (मरु) is the name of Upachandoha (category of holy sites), according to the 10th-century Ḍākārṇava-tantra: one of the last Tibetan Tantric scriptures belonging to the Buddhist Saṃvara tradition consisting of 51 chapters.—Accordingly: “Now, [the Blessed One] has taught [holy sites] such as the chandoha and upachandoha in sequence. [...] (5) Pretapurī, Gṛhadevī, Saurāṣṭra, and Suvarṇadvīpa are the chandoha [sites]. (6) The upacchandoha [sites] are Nagara, Sindhu, and Maru. Kulitā (for Kulatā or Kulutā) is also the upacchandoha. [...] Girls who are in these places are of [the nature of] the innate, born in their own birthplaces. [...]”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
In Jainism
Jain philosophy
Source: archive.org: Anekanta Jaya Pataka of Haribhadra SuriMaru (मरु) refers to a “desert” (i.e., “a country destitute of water”), as occurring in the Anekāntajayapatākā-prakaraṇa, a Śvetāmbara Jain philosophical work written by Haribhadra Sūri.—[Cf. Vol. I, P. 79, l 23]—‘Maru’ means a desert, a country destitute of water. It is also the name of a country and its people. Both the meanings suit the context. But, on taking into account the line occurring in Hemacandra’s commentary (p 37) on his own work Abhidhānacintāmaṇi, the word ‘maru’ need not be treated separately.—“griṣme hi sikatāsvarkakarā pratiphalitā jalatvenābhānti ata eva marumarīciketyucyate”.
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General definition (in Jainism)
Source: Wisdom Library: JainismMaru (मरु) refers to a class of kimpuruṣa deities according to Digambara, while the Śvetāmbara tradition does not recognize this class. The kimpuruṣas refer to a category of vyantaras gods which represents one of the four classes of celestial beings (devas). The kimpuruṣas are are golden in appearance according to Digambara, but white in complexion with very bright faces according to Śvetāmbara.
The deities such as the Marus are defined in ancient Jain cosmological texts such as the Saṃgrahaṇīratna in the Śvetāmbara tradition or the Tiloyapaṇṇati by Yativṛṣabha (5th century) in the Digambara tradition.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Source: Singhi Jain Series: Ratnaprabha-suri’s Kuvalayamala-katha (history)Maru (मरु) is classified as one of the eighteen dialects (Deśī) of ancient India, as described in the Kathās (narrative poems) such as Uddyotanasūri in his 8th-century Kuvalayamālā (a Prakrit Campū, similar to Kāvya poetry).—Page 152.24 ff.: Here we have a specimen of eighteen Deśī dialects spoken in: [e.g., Maru] [...] These different idioms of speech were spoken by the shop-keepers in the market place of Vijayāpurī. [...]
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Wisdom Library: Local Names of Plants and DrugsMaru [মৰু] in the Assamese language is the name of a plant identified with Spatholobus parviflorus (DC.) Kuntze from the Fabaceae (Pea) family having the following synonyms: Butea parviflora, Spatholobus roxburghii, Butea sericophylla. For the possible medicinal usage of maru, you can check this page for potential sources and references, although be aware that any some or none of the side-effects may not be mentioned here, wether they be harmful or beneficial to health.
Maru in the Garo language, ibid. previous identification.
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)1) Maru in India is the name of a plant defined with Aristolochia labiata in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Ambuya labiosa (Ker Gawl.) Raf. (among others).
2) Maru is also identified with Spatholobus parviflorus It has the synonym Butea parviflora Roxb. ex DC. (etc.).
3) Maru in Morocco is also identified with Oryza sativa It has the synonym Oryza elongata Steud. (etc.).
4) Maru in Nepal is also identified with Leptodermis lanceolata It has the synonym Hamiltonia suaveolens (Roxb.) Roxb. (etc.).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Dictionary of the economic products of India (1891)
· Blumea (1987)
· Botanical Magazine (4120)
· Flora Indica (1832)
· Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire Naturelle d’Autun (1895)
· Revisio Generum Plantarum (1891)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Maru, for example extract dosage, diet and recipes, side effects, pregnancy safety, health benefits, chemical composition, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarymaru : (f.) sand; a sandy waste. (m.), a deity.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary1) Maru, 2 (Vedic marut, always in pl. marutaḥ, the gods of the thunder-storm) 1. pl. marū the genii, spirits of the air Sn. 681, 688; Miln. 278 (nāga-yakkha-nara-marū; perhaps in meaning 2); Mhvs 5, 27.—2. gods in general (°-) Mhvs 15, 211 (°gaṇā hosts of gods); 18, 68 (°narā gods and men).—Cp. māruta & māluta. (Page 524)
2) Maru, 1 (cp. Epic Sk. maru) a region destitute of water, a desert. Always combined with °kantāra: Nd1 155 (as Name); J. I, 107; VbhA. 6; VvA. 332; PvA. 99, 112. (Page 524)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarymarū (मरू).—m S The province Marwaṛ or Malwa. 2 A region or soil destitute of water; sands, a desert, a waste. 3 A mountain.
--- OR ---
mārū (मारू).—a (māraṇēṃ) Killing, bewitching, fascinating, entrancing, heart-enthralling--eyes, blandishments &c. 2 Cutting, stinging, keen &c.--speech.
--- OR ---
mārū (मारू).—ind mārūmitī f Terms in accounts &c. indicating the Marwaṛi mode of reckoning the month, viz. from full moon to full moon.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishmārū (मारू).—a Killing. Faseinating. Cutting.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryMaru (मरु).—[mriyante'smin bhūtānīti maruḥ nirjaladeśaḥ, mṛ-u Uṇādi-sūtra 1.7]
1) A desert, sandy desert, a wilderness, any region destitute of water.
2) A mountain or rock.
3) A kind of plant (kurabaka).
4) Abstinence from drinking; मरुं साधयतो राजन् नाकपृष्ठमताशके (maruṃ sādhayato rājan nākapṛṣṭhamatāśake) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 13.57.14;142.44. -m. pl. Name of a country or its inhabitants.
Derivable forms: maruḥ (मरुः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryMaru (मरु).—m. (in mgs. 1, 2 = Pali id.; compare marut, maruta), (1) in the sense of Sanskrit Marut, a class of Vedic gods: indro …maruhi parivṛto Mahāvastu iii.267.16 (verse); in this sense rare; (2) very commonly, god, = deva, sura; oftenest in verses, but also in prose, e.g. nara-maru-kanyā- Lalitavistara 82.15; often, as here, bracketed with nara or a synonym: Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 12.13; 30.9; 208.9; Lalitavistara 12.13; 80.19 (read ca marusahasrair); 129.19; 370.14; Mahāvastu i.71.21; 72.11, 15, etc.; 90.18; 100.9; 113.15; 143.16; 268.15; ii.299.5; 328.5, etc.; Avadāna-śataka ii.176.12; passim; (3) a kind of drum (not recorded anywhere): Mahāvastu i.259.11; ii.180.8; 410.7; iii.443.13; (4) name of a future Buddha: Mahāvastu ii.355.10, but this is probably a misprint for Meru, in the same passage iii.279.15.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryMaru (मरु).—m.
(-ruḥ) 1. A region or soil destitute of water, sands, a desert. 2. A mountain. 3. The province Marwar, or in the plu.
(-ruvaḥ) The inhabitants. E. mṛ to die, (where,) and Unadi aff. u .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryMaru (मरु).—i. e. mṛ + u, m. 1. A desert, [Hitopadeśa] i. [distich] 10, M. M.; [Bhāgavata-Purāṇa, (ed. Burnouf.)] 6, 8, 36. 2. A mountain. 3. The name of a country.
— Cf. probably [Anglo-Saxon.] mór.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryMaru (मरु).—[masculine] waste, desert (often [plural]); mountain.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Maru (मरु):—m. ([probably] [from] √mṛ) a wilderness, sandy waste, desert (often [plural]), [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.
2) a mountain, rock, [Mahābhārata; Mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa]
3) ‘the desert-like penance’ id est. abstinence from drinking, [Mahābhārata; Harivaṃśa]
4) a species of plant, [Bhāvaprakāśa]
5) a deer, antelope, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) Name of a Daitya (usually associated with Naraka), [Mahābhārata]
7) of a Vasu, [Harivaṃśa]
8) of a prince (the son of Śīghra), [ib.; Rāmāyaṇa; Purāṇa]
9) of a king belonging to the Ikṣvāku family, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
10) of a son of Hary-aśva, [Rāmāyaṇa; Purāṇa]
11) [plural] Name of a country (Marwar) and its inhabitants, [Taittirīya-āraṇyaka; Rāmāyaṇa; Varāha-mihira etc.]
12) cf. [Latin] mare (?); [Anglo-Saxon] môr; [German] and [English] moor.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryMaru (मरु):—(ruḥ) 2. m. A region or soil destitute of water; the province of Marwar; a desert; a mountain.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Maru (मरु) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Maru, Marua.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary1) Maru (मरु):—(nm) a desert; ~[deśa/bhūmisthala] desert land.
2) Mārū (मारू):—(nm) a kind of large war kettle-drum; war-time musical mode; also —[bājā]; (a) killing, deadly; devastative; arousing martial enthusiasm.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary1) Maru (मरु) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Marut.
2) Maru (मरु) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Maru.
2) Maru has the following synonyms: Marua.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusMaru (ಮರು):—
1) [adjective] coming or happening next after the first in order of place or time; second.
2) [adjective] another; different; other.
3) [adjective] immediately following; just after in time or space; next.
4) [adjective] set against; facing; oppsite.
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Maru (ಮರು):—[noun] any of a number of perennial plants of the mint family, esp. sweet marjoram.
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Maru (ಮರು):—
1) [noun] = ಮರಳುಗಾಡು [maralugadu].
2) [noun] a big rock.
3) [noun] the plant Lawsonia inermis ( = L. alba) of Lythraceae family, a dye is extracted from the leaves of which is used to tint the hair or to draw ornamental lines on hands.
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Maṟu (ಮಱು):—
1) [adjective] coming or happening next after the first in order of place or time; second.
2) [adjective] another; different; other.
3) [adjective] immediately following; just after in time or space; next.
4) [adjective] set against; facing; oppsite.
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Maṟu (ಮಱು):—[adverb] in response to; in reply to; following as a result; done in retaliation.
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Māru (ಮಾರು):—
1) [verb] to give up, deliver or exchange (property, goods, services, etc.) for money or its equivalent; to sell.
2) [verb] to exchange one goods for another without involving money; to barter.
3) [verb] to change (in form or nature); to transform.
4) [verb] to submit; to dedicate; to offer.
5) [verb] (one’s merit, value) to be recognised.
6) [verb] to change oneself; to change one’s form or nature.
7) [verb] to face defiantly in opposition.
8) [verb] to strike; to deliver a blow.
9) [verb] to be sold (for a sum of money or other consideration).
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Māru (ಮಾರು):—
1) [noun] the act of selling; exchange of property of any kind or of services, for an agreed sum of money or other valuable consideration; a sale.
2) [noun] a commodity ment to be sold.
3) [noun] opposition; hostility.
4) [noun] a thing serving or used in place of another; a substitute.
5) [noun] a direction opposite to or facing something.
6) [noun] that which is to be hit, shot, etc.; an aim; a target.
7) [noun] the state of being engrossed in, charmed by (something).
8) [noun] the state of being infatuated by one’s foolish love, attachment, etc.
9) [noun] the act or state of fighting or quarreling; a strife; a quarrel.
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Māru (ಮಾರು):—[noun] the distance between the tip of middle fingers of a person, when both the arms are stretched apart, used as a linear measure.
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Māṟu (ಮಾಱು):—
1) [verb] to give up, deliver or exchange (property, goods, services, etc.) for money or its equivalent; to sell.
2) [verb] to exchange one goods for another without involving money; to barter.
3) [verb] to change (in form or nature); to transform.
4) [verb] to submit; to dedicate; to offer.
5) [verb] (one’s merit, value) to be recognised.
6) [verb] to change oneself; to change one’s form or nature.
7) [verb] to face defiantly in opposition.
8) [verb] to strike; to deliver a blow.
9) [verb] to be sold (for a sum of money or other consideration).
--- OR ---
Māṟu (ಮಾಱು):—
1) [noun] the act of selling; exchange of property of any kind or of services, for an agreed sum of money or other valuable consideration; a sale.
2) [noun] a commodity ment to be sold.
3) [noun] opposition; hostility.
4) [noun] a thing serving or used in place of another; a substitute.
5) [noun] a direction opposite to or facing something.
6) [noun] that which is to be hit, shot, etc.; an aim; a target.
7) [noun] the state of being engrossed in, charmed by (something).
8) [noun] the state of being infatuated by one’s foolish love, attachment, etc.
9) [noun] the act or state of fighting or quarreling; a strife; a quarrel.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Tamil dictionary
Source: DDSA: University of Madras: Tamil LexiconMaru (மரு) noun < மருவு-. [maruvu-.]
1. Fragrance; வாசனை. மருவார் கொன்றை [vasanai. maruvar konrai] (தேவாரம் [thevaram] 530, 1).
2. cf. maruvaka. Marjoram; வாசனைச்செடிவகை. (வைத்திய மலையகராதி) [vasanaichedivagai. (vaithiya malaiyagarathi)]
3. See மருக்கொழுந்து [marukkozhunthu],
1. மருவுக்கு வாசனை போல் வந்ததால் [maruvukku vasanai pol vanthathal] (வெங்கைக்கோ. [vengaikko.] 112).
4. First feast to a bridegroom in his father-in-law’s house soon after his marriage; மணமகனுக்குப் பெண்வீட் டாரிடும் முதல்விருந்து. [manamaganukkup penvid daridum muthalvirunthu.] Local usage
5. Place; இடம். (பிங்கலகண்டு) [idam. (pingalagandu)]
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Maru (மரு) noun < maru. (யாழ்ப்பாணத்து மானிப்பாயகராதி [yazhppanathu manippayagarathi])
1. See மருநிலம். [marunilam.]
2. Mountain; வைத்திய மலையகராதி [vaithiya malaiyagarathi]
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Maṟu (மறு) [maṟuttal] 11 transitive verb
1. To refuse, deny, disown; இல்லையென்னுதல். அவர்மறுத் தகறல் காணா [illaiyennuthal. avarmaruth thagaral kananul] (கம்பராமாயணம் மிதிலைக். [kambaramayanam mithilaig.] 125).
2. To object, check, contradict; தடுத்தல். மறுத்து மறுத்து மைந்தர் சார [thaduthal. maruthurandathi maruthu mainthar sara] (கலித்தொகை [kalithogai] 104).
3. To confute, refute the opinion or argument of another; ஆட்சேபித்தல். உடன்படன் மறுத்தல் [adsepithal. udanpadan maruthal] (நன். [nan.] 11).
4. To put away, reject; நீக்குதல். கொல்லான் புலாலை மறுத்தானை [nikkuthal. kollan pulalai maruthanai] (திருக்குறள் [thirukkural], 260).
5. See மறி²- [mari²-], 2,
6. — intransitive
1. To be ashamed; வெட்குதல். (சூடாமணிநிகண்டு) [vedkuthal. (sudamaninigandu)]
2. To cease to be; இல்லாமற்போதல். இப்பேறு தான் ஒருநாளுண்டாய் மற்றைநாள் மறுக்கையன் றிக்கே [illamarpothal. ipperu than orunalunday marrainal marukkaiyan rikke] (ஈடு-முப்பத்தாறுயிரப்படி [idu-muppatharuyirappadi], 2, 7, 7).
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Maṟu (மறு) noun probably from மறு-. [maru-.]
1. Stigma, blemish, fault; குற்றம். (பிங்கலகண்டு) மறுவில் செய்தி [kurram. (pingalagandu) maruvil seythi] (தொல். பொ. [thol. po.] 75).
2. Stain, blot, spot, especially on the moon; களங்கம். மதிமறுச் செய்யோள் [kalangam. mathimarus seyyol] (பரிபாடல் [paripadal] 2, 30).
3. Harm, injury; தீமை. நடுக் கடற்போனாலும் மறுப்படாமல் வரக்கடவீர். [thimai. nadug kadarponalum maruppadamal varakkadavir.]
4. Sign, symbol; அடையாளம். [adaiyalam.]
5. Mole, freckle; மச்சம். மறுவாயிரத்தெட் டணிந்து [macham. maruvayirathed daninthu] (சீவகசிந்தாமணி [sivagasindamani] 2).
6. Wart; பாலுண்ணி. [palunni.] (W.)
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Maṟu (மறு) adjectival [K. maru.] Another, other, next, beyond; மற்ற. மறு பிறப்போட [marra. maru pirappoda] (திருவாசகம் [thiruvasagam] 36, 2).
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Māṟu (மாறு) [māṟutal] 5 intransitive verb [K. māṟu.]
1. To become changed, exchanged, altered, reversed; வேறுபடுதல். மாறா மனங்கொண்டு [verupaduthal. mara manangondu] (திருநூற்றந்தாதி [thirunurrandathi] 47).
2. To be cured; குணமாதல். வியாதி இப்போது கொஞ்சம் மாறியிருக்கிறது. [kunamathal. viyathi ippothu koncham mariyirukkirathu.]
3. To be corrected in state, place, form or appearance; சரிப்படுதல். [sarippaduthal.]
4. To withdraw; பின்வாங்குதல். சூன் மகள் மாறா மறம்பூண் வாழ்க்கை [pinvanguthal. sun magal mara marambun vazhkkai] (பத்துப்பாட்டு: பெரும்பாணாற்றுப்படை [pathuppattu: perumbanarruppadai] 136).
5. To have a change of residence; இருப்பிடம். வேறுபடுதல். [iruppidam. verupaduthal.] Local usage
6. To cease, as from sleep; நீங்குதல். உறக்கம் மாறினான் [ninguthal. urakkam marinan] (கம்பராமாயணம் ஆறுசெ. [kambaramayanam aruse.] 7).
7. To retreat, as showing one’s back; முதுகிடுதல். மாறா மைந்தின் [muthugiduthal. mara mainthin] (பத்துப்பாட்டு: மலை [pathuppattu: malai] 332).
8. To dance; கூத்தாடுதல். (பிங்கலகண்டு) [kuthaduthal. (pingalagandu)]
9. cf. mṛ. To die; இறத்தல். இவ் வான்மாக்கள் மாறிப் பிறந்துவரும் [irathal. iv vanmakkal marip piranthuvarum] (சிவஞானபோதச் சிற்றுரை [sivagnanapothas sirrurai] 2, 3, பக். [pag.] 47).
10. To be non-existent; இல்லை யாதல். பரப்புமாறப் பூத்துக்குளிர்ந்த புனலை [illai yathal. parappumarap puthukkulirntha punalai] (ஈடு-முப்பத்தாறுயிரப்படி [idu-muppatharuyirappadi], 2, 8, 2).
11. To become false; பொய்படுதல். நாவிற் புனைந்த நன்கவிதை மாறாமை மேவி [poypaduthal. navir punaintha nankavithai maramai mevi] (பரிபாடல் [paripadal] 6, 8). — transitive
1. To sell; to exchange, as goods, barter; விற்றல். நாண்மோர் மாறும் [virral. nanmor marum] (பத்துப்பாட்டு: பெரும்பாணாற்றுப்படை [pathuppattu: perumbanarruppadai] 160).
2. To comply with, as an order; பணிசெய்தல். முன்னின பணிமுறை மாற முந்துவார் [paniseythal. munnina panimurai mara munthuvar] (கம்பராமாயணம் ஊர்தேடு. [kambaramayanam urthedu.] 49).
3. To forsake, cease to support; கைவிடுதல். புரிபுநீ புறமாறி [kaividuthal. puripuni puramari] (கலித்தொகை [kalithogai] 15).
4. To give, or render help; பிறனுக்குதவுதல். பனவனுக்காப் பாமாறியார்க்கு [piranukkuthavuthal. panavanukkap pamariyarkku] (குமரகுருபரசுவாமிகள் மீனாட். இரட். [kumaraguruparasuvamigal minad. irad.] 5).
5. To remove, cast away; கழித்தல். மாறுமென்மலரும் [kazhithal. marumenmalarum] (பரிபாடல் [paripadal] 6, 46).
6. To deny; மறுத்தல். [maruthal.] (J.)
7. To multiply; எண்பெருக்குதல். ஐம்பாலும் பொதுவுமான ஆறானும் மாற நூற்றெட்டாம் [enperukkuthal. aimbalum pothuvumana aranum mara nurrettam] (நன். [nan.] 269, மயிலை. [mayilai.]).
8. To belabour, thrash; அடித்தல். [adithal.] Local usage
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Māṟu (மாறு) noun < மாறு-. [maru-.] [K. māṟu.]
1. Mutation, change; வேறுபாடு. மாறிலாத மாக் கருணை வெள்ளமே [verupadu. marilatha mag karunai vellame] (திருவாசகம் [thiruvasagam] 5, 91).
2. Enmity, hostility; பகை. மாற்றிரு வேந்தர் [pagai. marriru venthar] (புறநானூறு [purananuru] 42).
3. Anything which disagrees or is unsuitable; ஒவ்வாதது. மாறல்ல துய்க்க [ovvathathu. maralla thuykka] (திருக்குறள் [thirukkural], 944).
4. Similarity; equality; ஒப்பு. மாறனலங்காரம்்மையின் . . . இளையாரையு மெறியான் [oppu. maranmaiyin . . . ilaiyaraiyu meriyan] (சீவகசிந்தாமணி [sivagasindamani] 2261).
5. Death; இறந்துபாடு. நகாஅ லென வந்தமாறே [iranthupadu. nagaa lena vanthamare] (புறநானூறு [purananuru] 253).
6. Birth; பிறவி. மாற்றிடைச் சுழலு நீரார் [piravi. marridais suzhalu nirar] (மேருமந்தரபுராணம் [merumandarapuranam] 136).
7. Recompense; return; பிரதி யுபகாரம். வழக்கொடு மாறுகொளன்று [pirathi yupagaram. vazhakkodu marugolanru] (நாலாயிர திவ்யப்பிரபந்தம் இயற். பெரியதிருவந். [nalayira thivyappirapandam iyar. periyathiruvan.] 13).
8. Reply; உத்தரம். மாறெதிர் கூறி மயக்குப்படுகுவாய் [utharam. marethir kuri mayakkuppaduguvay] (கலித்தொகை [kalithogai] 116, 15).
9. cf. mārja. Broom; துடைப்பம். சல்லிகளை மாறெடுத் துத் தூர்த்தும் [thudaippam. salligalai mareduth thuth thurthum] (பணவிடுதூது [panaviduthuthu] 285).
10. Twig or branch without leaves; மிலாறு. [milaru.] (W.)
11. Dried stock, as of cotton plant; பருத்தி முதலியவற்றின் தூறு. [paruthi muthaliyavarrin thuru.]
12. Contrariety, contradiction; எதிர். அவன் எதற்கும் மாறுசெய்கிறான். [ethir. avan etharkum maruseykiran.]
13. Change or substitute, as of garment; alternative; பிரதியாகக் கொள்ளுவது. மாறுசாத்தி யென்பிழை பொறுப்பீர் [pirathiyagak kolluvathu. marusathi yenpizhai poruppir] (பெரியபுராணம் அமர்நீதி. [periyapuranam amarnithi.] 24). ஈதலான் மாறு வேறுண்டோ [ithalan maru verundo] (கம்பராமாயணம் உருக்கா. [kambaramayanam urukka.] 24).
14. Rattan; பிரம்பு. மாற்றா லாற்றப் புடையுண்டும் [pirambu. marra larrap pudaiyundum] (சீவகசிந்தாமணி [sivagasindamani] 2794).
15. Manner, method; விதம். விளங்கக்கேட்ட மாறுகொல் [vitham. vilangakketta marugol] (புறநானூறு. [purananuru.] 50). — particle
1. A suffix meaning cause; காரணப் பொருளுணர்த்தும் ஓரிடைச்சொல். [karanap porulunarthum oridaichol.] (தொல். சொல். [thol. sol.] 252, உரை. [urai.])
2. An adverbial suffix meaning continuity; தொறுப்பொருளில்வரும் ஓர் இடைச் சொல். பகல்மாறு வருகிறான். [thorupporulilvarum or idais sol. pagalmaru varugiran.]
Tamil is an ancient language of India from the Dravidian family spoken by roughly 250 million people mainly in southern India and Sri Lanka.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary1) Maru (मरु):—n. desert; barren land;
2) Māru (मारु):—n. a type of deepak-rag (दीपक राग [dīpaka rāga] ) or a song in that rag (राग [rāga] );
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+644): Maracana, Maravagal, Maru lewa, Maru-kolakural, Maru-kurupay, Maru-manacupatu, Maru-mulpay, Maru-patium, Maru-poruluvamai, Maru-pulipaytal, Maru-purukam, Maru-vittucatanku, Marua, Marua, Marua, Maruaa, Maruabel, Maruadana, Maruadona, Maruaga.
Ends with (+117): Ajumodavomaru, Alakinmaru, Alamaru, Alimaru, Aliyamaru, Alumaru, Amaru, Anumaru, Apatamaru, Bakimaru, Bemaru, Bili-daamaru, Bili-damaru, Bilidaamaru, Cankumaru, Carakkumaru, Carmaru, Cemaru, Cenkumaru, Charmaru.
Full-text (+353): Marudvipa, Marubhu, Marupriya, Marukaccha, Marusthala, Marua, Mrinmaru, Marudesha, Marupatha, Marupavi, Marumahi, Kalamaru, Marupulam, Maru-kurupay, Marutakkal, Marumurai, Marunal, Maruvitu, Kar-marunilam, Maruvorri.
Relevant text
Search found 40 books and stories containing Maru, Maaru, Marū, Mārū, Maṟu, Māru, Māṟu; (plurals include: Marus, Maarus, Marūs, Mārūs, Maṟus, Mārus, Māṟus). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Tiruvaymoli (Thiruvaimozhi): English translation (by S. Satyamurthi Ayyangar)
Pasuram 3.4.3 < [Section 4 - Fourth Tiruvaymoli (Pukalum nal oruvan)]
Pasuram 6.1.10 < [Section 1 - First Tiruvaymoli (Vaikal pun kalivay)]
Pasuram 6.5.6 < [Section 5 - Fifth Tiruvaymoli (Tuval il ma mani matam)]
Sivaprakasam (Study in Bondage and Liberation) (by N. Veerappan)
Primal Being and the Individual Self < [Chapter 3 - Understanding the Self]
Folk Tales of Gujarat (and Jhaverchand Meghani) (by Vandana P. Soni)
Chapter 23 - Gor Gorani Ni Tikhal < [Part 3 - Kankavati]
Chapter 35 - Vikram and Khapro < [Part 5 - Rang Chee Barot]
The Bhagavata Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 12 - The Description of Ikṣvāku’s Race (concluded) < [Book 9 - Ninth Skandha]
Chapter 13 - The Description of the Race of Nimi < [Book 9 - Ninth Skandha]
Chapter 71 - Śrī Kṛṣṇa’s visit to Indraprastha < [Book 10 - Tenth Skandha]
The Brahma Purana (by G. P. Bhatt)
Puranic encyclopaedia (by Vettam Mani)
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