Lobha: 39 definitions

Introduction:

Lobha means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Alternative spellings of this word include Lobh.

In Hinduism

Dharmashastra (religious law)

Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-śāstra

Lobha (लोभ) is a Sanskrit technical term, used in jurisdiction, referring to “greed for wealth”. It is mentioned as one of the causes for giving false evidence. The word is used throughout Dharmaśāstra literature such as the Manusmṛti. (See the Manubhāṣya 8.120)

Dharmashastra book cover
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Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

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Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: Wisdom Library: Viṣṇu-purāṇa

Lobha (लोभ) refers to “covetousness” (materialistic greed) and represents a type of Ādhyātmika pain of the mental (mānasa) type, according to the Viṣṇu-purāṇa 6.5.1-6. Accordingly, “the wise man having investigated the three kinds of worldly pain, or mental and bodily affliction and the like, and having acquired true wisdom, and detachment from human objects, obtains final dissolution.”

Ādhyātmika and its subdivisions (e.g., lobha) represents one of the three types of worldly pain (the other two being ādhibhautika and ādhidaivika) and correspond to three kinds of affliction described in the Sāṃkhyakārikā.

The Viṣṇupurāṇa is one of the eighteen Mahāpurāṇas which, according to tradition was composed of over 23,000 metrical verses dating from at least the 1st-millennium BCE. There are six chapters (aṃśas) containing typical puranic literature but the contents primarily revolve around Viṣṇu and his avatars.

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

Lobha (लोभ).—One of the spiritual sons of Brahmā. Matsya Purāṇa mentions that Lobha was born from the lip of Brahmā while Bhāgavata mentions that he was the son of Māyā.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) Lobha (लोभ).—Born of Brahmā's lower lip.*

  • * Bhāgavata-purāṇa III. 12. 26; Matsya-purāṇa 3. 10.

1b) Born of Lambha and Māyā.*

  • * Bhāgavata-purāṇa IV. 8. 3.
Source: valmikiramayan.net: Srimad Valmiki Ramayana

Lobha (लोभ) refers to “greed” (which is to be abandoned by forest-dwellers), according to the Rāmāyaṇa chapter 2.28. Accordingly:—“[...] soothening with kind words to Sītā, when eyes were blemished with tears, the virtuous Rāma spoke again as follows, for the purpose of waking her turn back: ‘[...] Anger (krodha) and greed (lobha) are to be abandoned by the dwellers of forest. Devotion is to be bestowed on asceticism. What needs to be feared, should not be feared. Hence, living in a forest is a suffering’”.

Purana book cover
context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

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Ayurveda (science of life)

Source: archive.org: Vagbhata’s Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita (first 5 chapters)

Lobha (लोभ) refers to “(the urges of) avarice”, mentioned in verse 4.25 of the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā (Sūtrasthāna) by Vāgbhaṭa.—Accordingly, “[...] He, however, who desires welfare both after his death and here shall always suppress the urges of avarice, jealousy, hatred, envy, passion [viz., lobha-īrṣyā-dveṣa-mātsarya-rāga], etc. after having subjugated his senses [viz., jitendriya]”.

Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms

Lobha (लोभ):—Greed : insatiable desire for having something ; Excessive desire to acquire more than need.

Ayurveda book cover
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Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

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Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

Lobha (लोभ) refers to “greed”, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “Those who are overcome with greed (lobha) and the like do what is forbidden. The goddesses take away from him whatever they have uttered before. Then the goddesses take away from the one who has transgressed Śiva's pledge (whatever) other accomplishment (he may have achieved). The Siddhas of the Śrīsamaya and the rest, who are in the maṇḍala have been mentioned in due order”.

Shaktism book cover
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Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

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Yoga (school of philosophy)

Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch

Lobha (लोभ) refers to “greed”, according to the Amṛtasiddhi (verse 24.1-2).—Accordingly, [while describing kāyasiddhi in terms redolent of tapas (i.e., purification and bindu):] “When the accomplishment of [destroying] the [five] impurities [is achieved], as well as the union of the two Bindus, then one should know the body to be perfected and endowed with all good qualities. [Such a Siddha] is free from cold, heat, thirst, fear, desire and greed (lobha). He has crossed over the ocean of anxiety, disease, fever, suffering and grief”.

Yoga book cover
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Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

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In Buddhism

Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Access to Insight: A Glossary of Pali and Buddhist TermsGreed; passion; unskillful desire. Also raga. One of three unwholesome roots (mula) in the mind.Source: Dhamma Dana: Pali English Glossary

M Greed, desire.

Source: Journey to Nibbana: Patthana Dhama

Part of the Lobha Team.

Attachment;

Lobha is attachment. It is craving. It is greediness. It is clinging. It has many other different names like tanha, raga, samudaya, upadana etc etc. Oceans may even full with water but lobha never full with its desire. Lobha or tanha is one of two roots of wheel of life or paticcasamuppada.

Source: Pali Kanon: Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines

Lobha (“Greed”).

Source: Pali Kanon: Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines

'greed', is one of the 3 unwholesome roots (mūla) and a synonym of rāga and tanhā.

Source: Dhamma Study: Cetasikas

Lobha, attachment or greed, is another akusala cetasika.

lobha can also be called be denoted as the following: Raga (greed), abhijja (covetousness) and tanha (craving).

context information

Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

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Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā

Lobha (लोभ) refers to “greed”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, as Bodhisattva Gaganagañja explains to Bodhisattva Ratnaśrī what kind of concentration should be purified: “[...] (31) [when the Bodhisattvas attain] the concentration called ‘Like a thunderbolt’, they will understand all dharmas; (32) [when the Bodhisattvas attain] the concentration called ‘Being endowed with good conduct’, they will know the entrance into the thoughts and deeds of all living beings; (33) [when the Bodhisattvas attain] concentration called ‘Upholding the earth’, there will be no greed or hatred (lobha-dveṣa); [...]”.

Mahayana book cover
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Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

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General definition (in Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-samgraha

Lobha (लोभ, “greed”) refers to the “three roots of unwholesomeness” (akuśalamūla) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 139). The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., lobha). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: archive.org: Jaina Yoga

Lobha (लोभ, “greed”) refers to a subclass of the interal (abhyantara) division of parigraha (attachment) and is related to the Aparigraha-vrata (vow of non-attachment). Amṛtacandra (in his Puruṣārthasiddhyupāya 116), Somadeva, and Āśādhara among the Digambaras and Siddhasena Gaṇin (in his commentary on the Tattvārtha-sūtra 7.24) among the Śvetāmbaras mention fourteen varieties  of abhyantara-parigraha (for example, lobha).

Source: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

Lobha (लोभ) refers to “greed”, and refers to one of the four passions (kaṣāyas) of creatures, according to chapter 4.5 [dharmanātha-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.—(Note: The direct counterpart of Lobha is Antoṣa or ‘content’).

Accordingly, as Dharma-nātha said in his sermon on the kaṣāyas:—“[...] Creatures’ passions are four-fold: anger (krodha), conceit (māna), deceit (māyā), and greed (lobha); and each of them is divided into sañjvalana, etc. [...] Greed (lobha) is the akāra of all faults, a Rākṣasa for devouring virtues, a bulb of creepers of calamities, injurious to all things. A man without money wants a hundred; the one with a hundred wants a thousand; the master of a thousand wants a lac; the possessor of a lac wants a crore; the owner of a crore wants to be a king; a king wants to be a Cakravartin; a Cakravartin wants to be a god; and a god wants to be an Indra. Even when the rank of an Indra has been attained, since desire is not checked, greed (lobha), though small in the beginning, grows like grass. [...]”.

Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 7: The Five Vows

Lobha (लोभ, “greed”).—The renunciation of anger (lobha-pratyākhāna) refers to one of the contemplations of the vow of truthfulness (satyavrata) according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 7.5.

Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections

Lobha (लोभ) refers to “covetousness”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “The doctrine is said to be forbearance, humility, purity, straightforwardness , truth and restraint, celibacy, asceticism, renunciation and non-possession [com.lobha-abhāva—‘absence of covetousness’]. Anything which is undesirable for oneself is not to be done to others by the actions of [body,] speech and mind, even in a dream—such is the principal characteristic of the doctrine”.

Source: academia.edu: Tessitori Collection I

Lobha (लोभ, “greediness”) refers to one of the “thirteen difficulties”, according to the “Teraha kāṭhīyā-svādhyāya” by Jinaharṣa (dealing with the Ethics section of Jain Canonical literature), which is included in the collection of manuscripts at the ‘Vincenzo Joppi’ library, collected by Luigi Pio Tessitori during his visit to Rajasthan between 1914 and 1919.—The exposition of the ‘thirteen difficulties’ against which one should fight as they are hindrances to proper religious practice is a widespread topic in Jain literature in Gujarati. They are either listed in brief compositions or described with several verses for each of the components. The list of terms is always the same, with a few variations in designations: [e.g., greediness (lobha or kiviṇāya), ...].—See ch. Krause 1999, p. 277 for the list as found in a Ratnasañcaya-granth stanza 118.

General definition book cover
context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

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Biology (plants and animals)

Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

1) Lobha in India is the name of a plant defined with Phaseolus vulgaris in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Phaseolus aborigineus Burkart (among others).

2) Lobha is also identified with Sarcococca pruniformis.

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Angewandte Botanik (1968)
· Bulletin de la Société Botanique de Belgique (1977)
· Ciencia e Cultura (1980)
· Iconum Botanicarum Index (1855)
· Leg. Afr. Check-list (1989)
· Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (1994)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Lobha, for example pregnancy safety, side effects, health benefits, extract dosage, diet and recipes, chemical composition, have a look at these references.

Biology book cover
context information

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

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Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

lobha : (m.) greed; covetousness.

Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

Lobha, (cp. Vedic & Epic Sk. lobha; fr. lubh: see lubbhati) covetousness, greed. Defined at Vism. 468 as “lubbhanti tena, sayaṃ vā lubbhati, lubbhana-mattam eva vā taṃ, ” with several comparisons following. ‹-› Often found in triad of lobha, dosa, moha (greed, anger, bewilderment, forming the three principles of demerit: see kusala-mūla), e.g. at A. IV, 96; It. 83, 84; Vism. 116; Dukp 9, 18 sq. See dosa & moha.—D. III, 214, 275; S. I, 16, 43, 63, 123 (bhava°); V, 88; A. I, 64 (°kkhaya), 160 (visama°), cp. D. III, 70 sq.; II, 67; Sn. 367, 371, 537 (°kodha), 663, 706, 864, 941 (°pāpa); Nd1 15, 16, 261; J. IV, 11 (kodha, dosa, l.); Dhs. 982, 1059; Vbh. 208, 341, 381, 402; Nett 13, 27; Vism. 103; VbhA. 18; PvA. 7, 13, 17, 89 (+dosa), 102; VvA. 14; Sdhp. 52 (°moha), 266.—alobha disinterestedness D. III, 214; Dhs. 32.

Pali book cover
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Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

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Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

lōbha (लोभ).—m (S) Greedy or intense desire; cupidity, covetousness, avarice: also inordinate affection for; miserliness. 2 Affection or favor; kind regard or consideration.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

lōbha (लोभ).—m Greedy desire; avarice. Affection or favour, kind regard.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Lobha (लोभ).—[lubh-bhāve ghañ]

1) Covetousness, avarice, greed, cupidity; लोभश्चेदगुणेन किम् (lobhaścedaguṇena kim) Bhartṛhari 2.55; परवित्तादिकं दृष्ट्वा नेतुं यो हृदि जायते । अभिलाषो द्विजश्रेष्ठ स लोभः परिकीर्तितः (paravittādikaṃ dṛṣṭvā netuṃ yo hṛdi jāyate | abhilāṣo dvijaśreṣṭha sa lobhaḥ parikīrtitaḥ) Padma P.

2) Desire for, longing after (with gen. or in comp.); कङ्कणस्य तु लोभेन (kaṅkaṇasya tu lobhena) H.1.5; आननस्पर्शलोभात् (ānanasparśalobhāt) Meghadūta 15.

3) Avarice personified (one of the six enemies of man).

4) Perplexity, confusion.

Derivable forms: lobhaḥ (लोभः).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Lobha (लोभ).—m.

(-bhaḥ) Covetousness, cupidity, intense or greedy desire. E. lubh to desire or covet, aff. ghañ .

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Lobha (लोभ).—i. e. lubh + a, m. Covetousness, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 2, 178; [Pañcatantra] ii. [distich] 168.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Lobha (लोभ).—[masculine] greed, avarice, impatience, strong desire of ([genetive], [locative], —°).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Lobha (लोभ):—[from lubh] a m. perplexity, confusion (See a-l)

2) [v.s. ...] impatience, eager desire for or longing after ([genitive case] [locative case] or [compound]), [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.

3) [v.s. ...] covetousness, cupidity, avarice (personified as a son of Puṣṭi or of Dambha and Māyā), [ib.]

4) b lobhana etc. See p. 905, col. 1.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Lobha (लोभ):—(bhaḥ) 1. m. Covetousness.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Lobha (लोभ) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Lobha.

[Sanskrit to German]

Lobha in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Lobha (लोभ) [Also spelled lobh]:—(nm) greed, avarice; covetousness; temptation, lure; -[se kucha nahīṃ milatā] all covet, all lost.

context information

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Prakrit-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary

1) Lobha (लोभ) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Lobha.

2) Lobha (लोभ) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Lobha.

context information

Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Lōbha (ಲೋಭ):—

1) [noun] strong desire, esp. for wealth; avarice; greed; cupidity; avarice.

2) [noun] the tendency of giving or spending grudgingly or only through necessity; miserliness; stinginess.

3) [noun] a miserly, niggardly man.

4) [noun] affectionate attachment; love.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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