Kadamba, Kādāmba, Kādamba, Kaḍamba, Kadambā: 47 definitions

Introduction:

Kadamba means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Alternative spellings of this word include Kadamb.

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In Hinduism

Ayurveda (science of life)

Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)

Source: Wisdom Library: Raj Nighantu

Kadamba (कदम्ब) is the name of a tree (Kadamba tree) that is associated with the Nakṣatra (celestial star) named Śatbhiṣā, according to the second chapter (dharaṇyādi-varga) of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu (an Ayurvedic encyclopedia). Accordingly, “these [trees] are propounded in Śāstras, the secret scriptures (śāstrāgama). These pious trees [viz, Kadamba], if grown and protected, promote long life”. These twenty-seven trees related to the twenty-seven Nakṣatras are supposed to be Deva-vṛkṣas or Nakṣatra-vṛkṣas.

Source: WorldCat: Rāj nighaṇṭu

Kadambā (कदम्बा) is another name for Jīmūtaka, a medicinal plant identified with Luffa echinata (bitter sponge gourd or bitter luffa) from the Cucurbitaceae or “gourd family” of flowering plants, according to verse 3.58-60 of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu. The third chapter (guḍūcyādi-varga) of this book contains climbers and creepers (vīrudh). Together with the names Kadambā and Jīmūtaka, there are a total of nineteen Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.

Dietetics and Culinary Art (such as household cooking)

Source: Shodhganga: Dietetics and culinary art in ancient and medieval India

Kadamba (कदम्ब) refers to the “Eugenia racemosa” and is mentioned as a source of fuel for boiling water (jala), according to the 17th century Bhojanakutūhala (dravyaguṇāguṇa-kathana), and is commonly found in literature dealing with the topics of dietetics and culinary art, also known as Pākaśāstra or Pākakalā.—[...]. It is interesting to note that the properties of boiled water based on the fuel used to boil the same are described. The fuels discussed here are [viz., kadamba (Eugenia racemosa)]

Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)

Source: Shodhganga: Portrayal of Animal Kingdom (Tiryaks) in Epics An Analytical study

Kadamba (कदम्ब) refers to the Whooper Swan (Cygnus Cygus), according to scientific texts such as the Mṛgapakṣiśāstra (Mriga-pakshi-shastra) or “the ancient Indian science of animals and birds” by Hamsadeva, containing the varieties and descriptions of the animals and birds seen in the Sanskrit Epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata.

Toxicology (Study and Treatment of poison)

Source: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita—Text on Visha Chikitsa

Kadamba (कदम्ब) is the name of an herbal ingredient used in the treatment of snake-bites such as those caused by the Uṣṇa, Śopha, Pītta or Ghoṇasa varietes of Maṇḍalī-snakes, according to the Kāśyapa Saṃhitā: an ancient Sanskrit text from the Pāñcarātra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Viṣacikitsā—an important topic from Āyurveda which deals with the study of Toxicology (Viṣavidyā or Sarpavidyā).—Accordingly, the treatment is mentioned as follows: “A drink prepared from butter, curd, salt, honey and Kaṭutraya is the generic treatment for Maṇḍalī snakes. Cooked Kadamba mixed with ghee and water must be consumed. White sesame also helps in alleviating this poison. Paste made out of ginger, pepper, long pepper, and salt in equal measures mixed with butter , when applied , forms an efficacious antidote”.

Unclassified Ayurveda definitions

Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botany

1) Kādamba (कादम्ब) is a Sanskrit word referring either to the “grey goose” or to the “whistling teal”. The meat of this animal is part of the māṃsavarga (‘group of flesh’), which is used throughout Ayurvedic literature. The animal Kādamba is part of the sub-group named Ambucārin, refering to animals “which move on waters”. It was classified by Caraka in his Carakasaṃhitā sūtrasthāna (chapter 27), a classical Ayurvedic work. Caraka defined such groups (vargas) based on the dietic properties of the substance.

2) Kadamba (चिर्भट) is a Sanskrit word referring to Neolamarckia cadamba (burflower-tree), a plant species in the Rubiaceae family. Certain plant parts of Kadamba are eaten as a vegetable (śāka), according to Caraka in his Carakasaṃhitā sūtrasthāna (chapter 27), a classical Ayurvedic work. The plant is therefore part of the Śākavarga group of medicinal plants, referring to the “group of vegetables/pot-herbs”. Caraka defined such groups (vargas) based on the dietic value of the plant. The plant has the following commonly used botanical synonym: Nauclea cadamba, Anthocephalus indicus, Anthocephalus chinensis.

According to the Rājanighaṇṭu (verse 9.97), the burflower-tree (kadamba) has 7 synonyms: Vṛttapuṣpa, Surabhi, Lalanāpriya, Kādambarya, Sindhupuṣpa, Madāḍhya and Karṇapūraka. The same work also lists 3 sub-varieties: Dhārākadamba, Dhūlikadamba and Bhūmikadamba.

Properties according to the Caraka-saṃhitā: Kadamba is non-slimy, heavy, cold and channel-blocking.

Properties according to the Rājanighaṇṭu: Kadamba is pungent, bitter, astringent and subsides vitiated vāta. This is cooling and alleviates the pain caused by pitta and kapha. It improves the quantitative uality of semen.

Source: archive.org: Sushruta samhita, Volume I

Kādamba (कादम्ब)—Sanskrit word for a bird Anser indicus or Anser anser (“black”). This animal is from the group called Plava (‘those which float’ or ‘those move about in large flocks’). Plava itself is a sub-group of the group of animals known as Ānupa (those that frequent marshy places).

Ayurveda book cover
context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

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Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Kubjikāmata-tantra

Kadambā (कदम्बा):—Another name for Saumyā, the Sanskrit name for one of the twenty-four goddesses of the Sūryamaṇḍala, according to the tantric sources called the Śrīmatottara-tantra and the kubjikāmata-tantra.

Source: Astrologia Védica: Kularnava Tantra em português

Kadamba (कदम्ब) (identified with Nauclea cadamba) refers to one of the nine kulavṛkṣas (Kula trees ) in which the Kula Yoginīs reside, according to the Kulārṇava-tantra verse 11.66-68.— Accordingly, “Kula Yoginīs always live in kulavṛkṣas (Kula trees). Therefore, one should not eat on the leaves of such trees [i.e., Kadamba—Nauclea cadamba] and they should be especially worshiped. One should neither sleep under the Kula Vṛkṣas nor create any disturbance under them. Otherwise, seeing or hearing about such trees, one should greet them with devotion and never cut them down. [...]”.

Shaivism book cover
context information

Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

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Dharmashastra (religious law)

Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-śāstra

Kadamba (कदम्ब) is a Sanskrit word, identified with Nauclea cadamba by various scholars in their translation of the Śukranīti. This tree is mentioned as bearing good fruits. The King should plant such domestic plants in and near villages. He should nourish them by stoole of goats, sheep and cows, water as well as meat.

The following is an ancient Indian recipe for such nourishment of trees:

According to Śukranīti 4.4.105-109: “The trees (such as kadamba) are to be watered in the morning and evening in summer, every alternate day in winter, in the fifth part of the day (i.e., afternoon) in spring, never in the rainy season. If trees have their fruits destroyed, the pouring of cold water after being cooked together with Kulutha, Māṣa (seeds), Mudga (pulse), Yava (barley) and Tila (oil seed) would lead to the growth of flowers and fruits. Growth of trees can be helped by the application of water with which fishes are washed and cleansed.”

Dharmashastra book cover
context information

Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

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Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wikibooks (hi): Sanskrit Technical Terms

Kadamba (कदम्ब).—Pole of the ecliptic. Note: Kadamba is a Sanskrit technical term used in ancient Indian sciences such as Astronomy, Mathematics and Geometry.

Jyotisha book cover
context information

Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

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Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

1) Kadamba (कदम्ब) refers to a type of flower, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.22. Accordingly as Sitā said to Śiva:—“[...] the most unbearable season of the advent of clouds (ghanāgama or jaladāgama) has arrived with clusters of clouds of diverse hues, and their music reverberating in the sky and the various quarters. [...] The speedy gusts of wind scattering sprays of water mingled with nectarine drops from the Kadamba flowers captivate the heart as they blow”.

2) Kadamba (कदम्ब) is the name of a bird, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.22. Accordingly as Brahmā narrated to Nārada:—“[...] On the top of the mountain near the city of Himālaya (śailarājapura), Śiva sported about for a long time in the company of Satī. [...] kinds of birds flew there, such as—Cakravāka, Kādamba, swans, geese, the intoxicated Sārasas, cranes, the peacocks etc. The sweet note of the male cuckoo reverberated there”.

Source: Shodhganga: The saurapurana - a critical study

1) Kadaṃba (कदंब) wood is used for brushing the teeth in the month Bhādrapada for the Anaṅgatrayodaśī-Vrata, according to the 10th century Saurapurāṇa: one of the various Upapurāṇas depicting Śaivism.—Accordingly, the Anaṅgatrayodaśī-vrata is observed in honour of Śiva for acquiring virtue, great fortune, wealth and for destruction of sins [...] This vrata is to be performed for a year from Mārgaśīra.—In the Bhādrapada, the tooth-brush is that of kadaṃba-wood. The food taken is aguru. The deity to be worshipped is Sadyojāta. The flowers used in worship are dhattūra. The naivedya offerings is śālibhakta. The result accrued equals all sacrifices.

2) Kadaṃba (कदंब) flowers are also used in worship in the month Āṣāḍha for the Anaṅgatrayodaśī-Vrata.—Accordingly, the Anaṅgatrayodaśī-vrata is observed in honour of Śiva for acquiring virtue, great fortune, wealth and for destruction of sins [...] This vrata is to be performed for a year from Mārgaśīra.—In Āṣāḍha, the tooth-brush is that of malatī-wood. The food taken is tilodaka. The deity to be worshipped is Umābhartṛ. The flowers used in worship are kadaṃba. The naivedya offerings is pañcakhadya. The result  accrued equals puṇḍarīka.

Purana book cover
context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

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Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

1) Kadamba (कदम्ब) is the name of a sacred secondary field (upakṣetra), according to the Śrīmatottara-tantra verse 3.135-138, an expansion of the Kubjikāmatatantra: the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—The eight secondary fields are Kadaṃba, Alamba, Gokarṇa, the Vindhya mountain, Vimaleśvara, Sindhumāla, Mahāsena, and Mātaṅga.

2) Kadamba (कदम्ब) or Kadambaguhā is the name of a cave, according to the commentary on the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—This Cave Dwelling, which the Ṭīkā calls the Kadamba Cave [i.e., kadamba-guhā], is the Void of the Triangle that represents the goddess’s Yoni projected into the End of the Twelve above the head. It is called the Kadamba Cave because there is a Kadamba tree near to it that symbolizes the maṇḍala of which the triangle is the core. [...]

3) Kadamba (कदम्ब) is the name of the tree associated with Kāmarūpa, one of the sacred seats (pīṭha), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra.—Note: Trees are associated with the first eight of a set of twenty-four places listed in chapter twenty-two of the Kubjikāmatatantra. These are signs that the goddesses in these places are also vegetation spirits as were their popular folk precursors, the Yakṣiṇīs. Some trees [i.e., Kadamba] are especially loaded with symbolic significance.

4) Kadamba (कदम्ब) is the name of the tree associated with Oḍḍiyāna, one of the sacred seats (pīṭha), according to chapter 10 of the according to the Kularatnoddyota, one of the earliest Kubjikā Tantras.

5) Kadamba (कदम्ब) is also mentioned as the name of the Tree or Cave associated with Oḍiyāna, one of the sacred seats (pīṭha), according to the Ṣaṭsāhasrasaṃhitā, an expansion of the Kubjikāmatatantra: the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult

6) Kadamba (कदम्ब) refers to one of the eight Guardians (kṣetrapāla-aṣṭaka) associated with Kāmākhya (corresponding to the eastern face of Bhairava), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra.—[...] The eight Guardians (kṣetrapālāṣṭaka): Heruka, Kumāra, Kamala, Ṣaṇmukhāntaka, Kadamba, Lalita, Lambodara, Devasena.

7) Kadamba (कदम्ब) also refers to one of the eight Servants (ceṭa-aṣṭaka) associated with Avyaktapīṭha (i.e., ‘the unmanifest seat’ representing the act of churning—manthāna), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra.—[...] The eight Servants (ceṭāṣṭaka): Ceṭaka, Dhuṃdhukāra, Nāgāri, Rikta, Rohiṇa, Aṭṭahāsa, Kadamba, Sukhabhogin.

8) Kadamba (कदम्ब) (Cf. Kadambaka) refers to one of the thirty-six sacred trees, according to the Ṣaṭsāhasrasaṃhitā.—Accordingly, “According to the Kula teaching (these) [i.e., Kadamba] are the most excellent Kula trees that give accomplishments and liberation. (They are full of) Yoginīs, Siddhas, Lords of the Heroes and hosts of gods and demons. [...]”.

9) Kadamba (कदम्ब) or Kadambavṛtti refers to the “motion of the ecliptic”, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra.—Accordingly, “Once the god Bhairava had thus seen the great pervasion of the Command, distraught and astonished, the god of the gods fell on the ground in Vārāṇasī, on the beautiful shore of the Ganges. Frightened, the god shook and moved around (swaying in circles) like the ecliptic (kadamba)”.

Shaktism book cover
context information

Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

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Vastushastra (architecture)

Source: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (vastu)

Kadamba (कदम्ब) is classified as a “tree beneficial for the construction of temples”, according to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.—The eco-friendly suggestions of Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa are seen to protect the greenery and to balance a pollution free environment. [...] The architect is suggested to go to the forest to collect appropriate wood (e.g., from the Kadamba tree) for temples in an auspicious day after taking advice from an astrologer. [...] According to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, the woods of some particular trees remain beneficial for the construction of temples. At the time of cutting the trees [e.g., Kadamba] one should clean the axe by smearing honey and ghee. After collecting the suitable wood from forest, the architect uses it according to his requirements and purposes.

Vastushastra book cover
context information

Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

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General definition (in Hinduism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Hinduism

Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī gives the following information about Vṛndāvana's trees: The kadamba proper has smaller flowers and a very pleasant fragrance. (Śrīmad Bhāgavatam 10.30.9).

In Buddhism

Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Pali Kanon: Pali Proper Names

1. Kadamba, Kadambaka - The river that flows past Anuradhapura, on the eastern side, now called the Malvatu Oya (Mhv.vii.43; and Trs.58, n.3). Near the river was the Nivatta cetiya (Mhv.xv.10). The river ford, the Gangalatittha (MT.361), formed the beginning of the boundary line of the sima of the Mahavihara, and this line also ended at the river bank (Mhv.xv.191). The road from Anuradhapura to Cetiyagiri lay across the Kadamba nadi, and pious kings, such as Maha Dathika Maha Naga, spread carpets from the river up to the mountain so that pilgrims could wash their feet in the river and approach the mountain shrines with clean feet (Mhv.xxxiv.78).

The road from the Kadamba river to Thuparama passed through the Rajamatudvara (SA.i.173). Moggallana II. dammed up the river among the mountains and thus formed three tanks, the Pattapasanavapi, the Dhanavapi, and the Garitara (Cv.xli.61), and Udaya II. built a weir for the overflow of the river (Cv.li.130).

In the time of Kakusandha Buddha, the capital of Ceylon, Abhayanagara, lay to the east of Kadambanadi (Mhv.xv.59; Dpv.xv.39; xvii.12; see also Mbv.120, 134f).

See also Kalamba.

2. Kadamba - A mountain near Himava. Seven Pacceka Buddhas once lived there. Ap.ii.382.

context information

Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

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In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Jainism

1) Kadamba (कदम्ब) is the name of a gandharva god according to both the Digambara and the Śvetāmbara traditions. The gandharvas refer to a category of vyantaras gods which represents one of the four classes of celestial beings (devas). The gandharvas have a golden appearance according to the Digambaras and the Tumbaru tree is their caitya-vṛkṣa (sacred-tree). They have a blackish complexion and are beautiful in appearance, have excellent physiognomy, sweet voices and are adorned with crowns and neckalces according to the Śvetāmbaras.

The deities such as Kadamba are defined in ancient Jain cosmological texts such as the Saṃgrahaṇīratna in the Śvetāmbara tradition or the Tiloyapaṇṇati by Yativṛṣabha (5th century) in the Digambara tradition.

2) Kadamba (कदम्ब) refers to the caityavṛkṣa (sacred-tree) associated with the Stanita or Stanitakumāra class of the bhavanavāsin species of Devas (gods), according to Jain cosmology. They are defined according to the cosmological texts, such as the Saṃgrahaṇīratna in the Śvetāmbara tradition, or the Trilokasāra in the Digambara tradition.

Source: archive.org: Economic Life In Ancient India (as depicted in Jain canonical literature)

Kadamba (कदम्ब) refers to a kind of tree (vṛkṣa) commonly found in the forests (vaṇa) of ancient India, mentioned in the 1st century Uvavāiya-sutta (sanksrit: Aupapātika-sūtra). Forests have been a significant part of the Indian economy since ancient days. They have been considered essential for economic development in as much as, besides bestowing many geographical advantages, they provide basic materials for building, furniture and various industries. The most important forest products are wood and timber which have been used by the mankind to fulfil his various needs—domestic, agricultural and industrial.

Different kinds of trees (e.g., the Kadamba tree) provided firewood and timber. The latter was used for furniture, building materials, enclosures, staircases, pillars, agricultural purposes, e. g. for making ploughs, transportation e. g. for making carts, chariots, boats, ships, and for various industrial needs. Vaṇa-kamma was an occupation dealing in wood and in various otherforest products. Iṅgāla-kamma was another occupation which was concerned with preparing charcoal from firewood.

Source: archive.org: Een Kritische Studie Van Svayambhūdeva’s Paümacariu

Kadamba (कदम्ब) participated in the war between Rāma and Rāvaṇa, on the side of the latter, as mentioned in Svayambhūdeva’s Paumacariu (Padmacarita, Paumacariya or Rāmāyaṇapurāṇa) chapter 57ff. Svayambhū or Svayambhūdeva (8th or 9th century) was a Jain householder who probably lived in Karnataka. His work recounts the popular Rāma story as known from the older work Rāmāyaṇa (written by Vālmīki). Various chapters [mentioning Kadamba] are dedicated to the humongous battle whose armies (known as akṣauhiṇīs) consisted of millions of soldiers, horses and elephants, etc.

Source: archive.org: The Jaina Iconography

Kadamba (कदम्ब) or Pāṭalika refers to the tree associated with Vāsupūjya: the twelfth of twenty-four Tīrthaṃkaras or Jinas, commonly depicted in Jaina iconography.—The emblem constantly associated with Vāsupūjya, as wegather from Jaina books, is the buffalo. The other characteristics of his image viz. the Śāsanadeva and the Śāsanadevī are known by the names of Kumāra and Caṇḍā (Digambara: Gāndhārī). The tree which gave him shade while acquiring the Kevala knowledge is Pāṭalika according to the Abhidhānacintāmaṇi and Kadamba according to the Uttarapurāṇa. A King named Darpiṣṭa-Vāsudeva is to wave the Chowri or the fly-fan by his side.

Source: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

Kadamba (कदम्ब) is the tree associated with the Piśācas, one of the eight divisions of the Vyantaras: a group of deities living above the Ratnaprabhā-earth in the “lower world” (adhaloka), according to chapter 2.2 [ajitanātha-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.

Accordingly: “[...] One thousand yojanas above Ratnaprabhā, with the exception of 100 yojanas above and below, live the eight classes of the Vyantaras in northern and southern rows within the 800 yojanas. In these are: [viz., the Piśācas with the kadamba tree as lāñchana; ...]”.

General definition book cover
context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

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India history and geography

Source: archive.org: Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 1963

Kadamba is the name of a nadī (river) that existed in the ancient kingdom of Anurādhapura, Ceylon (Sri Lanka).—The Kadamba-nadī (present Malvatta Oya) is also called Kalamba and Kolom Oya and on its banks was the Kalambatittha or Galambatittha-vihāra existing in the 1st century: Vasabha (67-111) improved the vihāra and built a tank to irrigate 1,000 karisas.

Source: archive.org: Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency

Kādāmba refers to ancient dynasty of kings in ancient South-India.—The Kādāmbas of Hāngal derived their descent from the three-eyed and four-armed Mayūravarman, a son of the god Śiva and the Earth. Whereas the Kādāmbas of Goa attributed their origin to the three-eyed and four-armed Jayanta, otherwise called Trilocana-Kādamba or “the three-eyed Kadamba”, who is said to have sprung from a drop of sweat that fell to earth near the roots of a kadamba-tree from the forehead of the god Śiva after his conquest of the demon Tripura. The records of the Kādāmbas of Goa, however, do not give a long and questionable pedigree like that of their relations of Hāngal. They present historical names only.

Source: Wikipedia: India History

Kadamba refers to various dynasty that ruled ancient South-India, notable were Kadambas of Hangal, Kadambas of Goa, Kadambas of Halasi and Kadambas of Banavasi.

a) Kadamba dynasty of Hangal.—The Kadambas of Hangal was a South Indian dynasty which originated in the region of Karnataka. Chatta Deva (r. 980-1031 CE) founded the dynasty. He helped Western Chalukyas in the coup against the Rashtrakutas; re-established the Kadamba Dynasty mostly as a feudatory of Western Chalukyas.

b) Kadamba dynasty of Goa.—The Kadambas of Goa were a dynasty during the Late Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, who ruled Goa from the 10th to the 14th century CE. They took over the territories of the Silaharas and ruled them at first from Chandor, later making Gopakapattana their capital. According to the Talagunda inscription found in Shimoga in Karnataka, the Kadambas are of Brahmin origin, descended from Mayurasharma.

c) Kadamba dynasty of Halasi.—The Kadambas of Halasi was a South Indian dynasty during the Late Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Halasi, Karnataka; who were known for their own style of temple building. The Kadamba dynasty was founded by Mayurasharma in about 4th century AD. It was believed that Mayura was the first king of the dynasty and was the ruler during the time of Pallava King Vishnugopa of Kanchipuram

d) Kadamba dynasty of Banavasi.—The Kadambas of Banavasi declined by sixth century, by the tenth century Kadamba were local chiefs, the Kadamba of Hangal emerged as a vassal of the Western Chalukyas, and the Kadambas of Goa at Goa and Konkan until the fourteenth century. Similarly some more minor Kadamba branches established, they remained vassals. The town [Banavasi] once was the capital of the Kadamba rulers, an ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka. They established themselves there in A.D. 345 and ruled South India for at least two centuries.

f) Kadamba dynasty of Bankapur.—The Kadambas of Bankapur served as regional governors for Kadambas of Banavasi and then Kadambas of Hangal.

g) Kadamba dyansty of Bayalnad.—After the fall of the Western Gangas, the Kadambas of Bayalnad established as independent kingdom. It was founded by Kaviyammarasa, who ruled towards end of 10th century CE.

h) Kadamba dynasty of Nagarkhanda.—Kadambas of Nagarkhanda descendents of Mayuravarma of Hangal, served as regional governors, Nagarkhanda is the district to the north-east of Banavasi. They titled as boon lords of Banavasipura, their capital was at Bandhavapura.

i) Kadamba dynasty of Uchchangi.—The Kadambas of Uchchangi were in name only kings of Banavasi actually the power remain with Kadambas of Hangal.

Source: Shodhganga: Cultural history as g leaned from kathasaritsagara

Kadamba is the name of a tree mentioned in the Kathasaritsagara by Somadeva (10th century A.D).—A big and expanding Kadamba tree is mentioned.

Somadeva mentions many rich forests, gardens, various trees (e.g., Kadamba), creepers medicinal and flowering plants and fruit-bearing trees in the Kathasaritsagara. Travel through the thick, high, impregnable and extensive Vindhya forest is a typical feature of many travel-stories. Somadeva’s writing more or less reflects the life of the people of Northern India during the 11th century. His Kathasaritsagara (‘ocean of streams of story’), mentioning Kadamba, is a famous Sanskrit epic story revolving around prince Naravahanadatta and his quest to become the emperor of the vidyadharas (celestial beings).

Source: Ancient Buddhist Texts: Geography of Early Buddhism

Kadamba (कदम्ब) or Kadambapabbata is the name of a mountain situated in Majjhimadesa (Middle Country) of ancient India, as recorded in the Pāli Buddhist texts (detailing the geography of ancient India as it was known in to Early Buddhism).—These pabbatas [Kukkura, Kosika, and Kadamba] are stated in the Apadāna (pp. 155, 381 and 382 respectively) to be not very far off from the Himavanta.

India history book cover
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The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

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Biology (plants and animals)

Source: Wisdom Library: Local Names of Plants and Drugs

Kadamba [ಕದಂಬ] in the Kannada language is the name of a plant identified with Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser from the Rubiaceae (Coffee) family having the following synonyms: Anthocephalus cadamba, Anthocephalus indicus. For the possible medicinal usage of kadamba, you can check this page for potential sources and references, although be aware that any some or none of the side-effects may not be mentioned here, wether they be harmful or beneficial to health.

Kadamba in the Malayalam language is the name of a plant identified with Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl.) C.B.Clark from the Cucurbitaceae (Pumpkin) family having the following synonyms: Aechmandra epigaea, Bryonia epigaea, Corallocarpus gracilipes.

Kadamba in the Sanskrit language, ibid. previous identification.

Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

1) Kadamba in India is the name of a plant defined with Corallocarpus epigaeus in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Bryonia epigaea Rottler (among others).

2) Kadamba is also identified with Haldina cordifolia It has the synonym Nauclea sterculiifolia A. Rich. ex DC.) (Adina Salisb., from the Greek adinos ‘clustered, plentiful, crowded’, referring to the clustered flowers. (etc.).

3) Kadamba is also identified with Mitragyna parvifolia It has the synonym Stephegyne parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. (etc.).

4) Kadamba in Indonesia is also identified with Mitragyna speciosa It has the synonym Nauclea korthalsii Steud., nom. inval. (etc.).

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Rev. Zool. Afr.
· Der Gesellsschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, neue Schriften (1803)
· Nomenclator Botanicus (1841)
· Blumea (1978)
· Pl. Coromandel (1795)
· Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. (1826)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Kadamba, for example side effects, chemical composition, diet and recipes, health benefits, extract dosage, pregnancy safety, have a look at these references.

Biology book cover
context information

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

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Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

[«previous next»] — Kadamba in Pali glossary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

kadamba : (m.) the tree Nauclea Cordiforlia. || kādamba (m.), a kind of goose with grey wings.

Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

1) Kādamba, (cp. Sk. kādamba) a kind of goose with grey wings J. V, 420; VvA. 163. (Page 203)

2) Kadamba, (cp. Sk. kadamba) the kadamba tree, Nauclea cordifolia (with orange-coloured, fragrant blossoms) J. VI, 535, 539; Vism. 206; DhA. I, 309 (°puppha); Mhvs 25, 48 (id.). (Page 185)

Pali book cover
context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

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Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

kadamba (कदंब).—m S A tree, Nauclea cadamba. 2 Mustard seed plant, Sinapis dichotoma. 3 A pole of the Ecliptic. 4 A multitude or assemblage. Ex. phirōni pāhatā tayā strīkadambī || hari dēkhilā vakradṛṣṭi kadambī ||

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

kadamba (कदंब).—m A tree. A multitude.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Kaḍamba (कडम्ब).—

1) The stem or stalk (of a potherb).

2) The end or point, angle.

Derivable forms: kaḍambaḥ (कडम्बः).

See also (synonyms): kalambī, kalamba, kaḍambī.

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Kadamba (कदम्ब).—[kad karaṇe ambac Tv.]

1) A kind of tree (Stephegyne Parviflora Korth] (said to put forth buds at the roaring of thunder-clouds); कतिपयकुसुमोद्गमः कदम्बः (katipayakusumodgamaḥ kadambaḥ) Uttararāmacarita 3.2,42; Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 3.7; Meghadūta 25; R.12.99; मुक्त्वा कदम्ब-कुटजार्जुन-सर्ज-नीपान् (muktvā kadamba-kuṭajārjuna-sarja-nīpān) Ṛtusaṃhāra 3.13. The tree is common throughout India except in Konkan. Its fruit is hard and inedible.

2) A kind of grass.

3) Turmeric.

4) The mustard-seed plant.

5) A particular mineral substance.

6) Dust.

7) Fragrance; cf. कदम्बः पुंसि नीपे स्यात्तिनिशे वरुणद्रुमे । धूल्यां समूहे गन्धे च (kadambaḥ puṃsi nīpe syāttiniśe varuṇadrume | dhūlyāṃ samūhe gandhe ca) ... Nm.

-mbī Name of a plant (devadālī). Ś.6; Uttararāmacarita 5.18.

-mbam A multitude.

-kam 1 A multitude, group; छायाबद्धकदम्बकं मृगकुलं रोमन्थमभ्य- स्यतु (chāyābaddhakadambakaṃ mṛgakulaṃ romanthamabhya- syatu) Ś.2.6.

2) The flower of the Kadamba tree; पृथुकदम्बकदम्बकराजितम् (pṛthukadambakadambakarājitam) Kirātārjunīya 5.9.

3) A kind of grass (devatāḍa).

Derivable forms: kadambaḥ (कदम्बः).

See also (synonyms): kadambaka.

--- OR ---

Kādamba (कादम्ब).—[cf. Uṇādi-sūtra 4.83]

1) A kind of goose (kalahaṃsa); क्वचित्खगानां प्रियमानसानां कादम्बसंसर्गवतीव भूमिः (kvacitkhagānāṃ priyamānasānāṃ kādambasaṃsargavatīva bhūmiḥ) R.13.55; Ṛtusaṃhāra 4.9.

2) An arrow; कादम्बानामेकपातैरसीव्यम् (kādambānāmekapātairasīvyam) Śiśupālavadha 18.29; cf. कादम्बमार्गणशराः (kādambamārgaṇaśarāḥ) Ak.

3) A sugar-cane.

4) The Kadamba tree.

-mbam Flower of the Kadamba tree; कादम्बमर्धोद्गतकेसरं च (kādambamardhodgatakesaraṃ ca) R.13.27.

Derivable forms: kādambaḥ (कादम्बः).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Kaḍambā (कडम्बा).—(or °bakā? see ed. note), name of a yakṣiṇī: Mahāsamāj 187.1 (Waldschmidt, Kl. Sanskrit Texte 4); corresp. to Pali Karumhā (Chin. Ka-da-m-ra).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Kaḍamba (कडम्ब).—m.

(-mbaḥ) 1. The stalk of a potherb. 2. The end or point. E. kaḍ to separate, &c. ambac Unadi aff.

--- OR ---

Kadamba (कदम्ब).—m.

(-mbaḥ) 1. A plant, commonly Kadamba (Nauclea kadamba.) 2. The mustard seed plant, (Sinapis dichotoma.) 3. A kind of grass, (Andropogon serratum:) see devatāḍaka. 4. Turmeric. n.

(-mbaṃ) A multitude, an assemblage or collection. E. kad to confound, &c. ambaca Unadi affix; also with kan added kadambaka.

--- OR ---

Kādamba (कादम्ब).—n.

(-mbaṃ) 1. A tree, (Nauclea cadamba.) 2. A drake, or, according to some, a teal. 3. An arrow. f.

(-mbā) A plant, commonly Mundiri: see kadambapuṣpa. E. aṇ added to kadamba.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Kadamba (कदम्ब).—I. m. A tree, Nauclea cadamba (its flower, when fullblown, is covered with projecting anthers), [Rāmāyaṇa] 5, 74, 4; [Kirātārjunīya] 5, 9. Ii. n. Plenty, [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] 87, 15 ([Prakrit]).

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Kādamba (कादम्ब).—I. m. A kind of goose, [Rāmāyaṇa] 3, 78, 27. Ii. i. e. kadamba + a, n. The flower of the Nauclea cadamba, Roxb., [Raghuvaṃśa, (ed. Stenzler.)] 13, 27.

— Cf. perhaps, [Latin] columba; [Old High German.] tūba; [Anglo-Saxon.] dūna.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Kadamba (कदम्ब).—[masculine] the Kadamba tree (has orange-coloured fragrant blossoms). [masculine] multitude, group.

--- OR ---

Kādamba (कादम्ब).—[masculine] a kind of goose; [neuter] the flower of the Kādamba tree.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum

1) Kādamba (कादम्ब) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—Aditikuṇḍalāharaṇanāṭaka. Report. Vii. Bühler 554.

2) Kadamba (कदम्ब):—Vaidyakadamba.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Kaḍamba (कडम्ब):—m. ([Uṇādi-sūtra iv, 82]) an end or point [commentator or commentary] on [Uṇādi-sūtra]

2) the stalk of a pot-herb, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

3) Convolvulus Repens, [Caraka]

4) Kadamba (कदम्ब):—[from kad] a m. ([Uṇādi-sūtra iv, 82]) Nauclea Cadamba (a tree with orange-coloured fragrant blossoms), [Mahābhārata; Suśruta; Meghadūta] etc.

5) [v.s. ...] white mustard, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

6) [v.s. ...] Andropogon Serratus, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

7) [v.s. ...] turmeric, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

8) [v.s. ...] a particular mineral substance, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

9) [v.s. ...] a particular position of the hand

10) [v.s. ...] (in [astronomy]) the pole of the ecliptic [commentator or commentary] on [Sūryasiddhānta]

11) [v.s. ...] an arrow (cf. kādamba), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

12) [v.s. ...] Name of a dynasty

13) [from kad] n. a multitude, assemblage, collection, troop, herd, [Gīta-govinda; Sāhitya-darpaṇa etc.]

14) b See under 1. kad.

15) Kādamba (कादम्ब):—m. ([Uṇādi-sūtra iv, 84]) a kind of goose with dark-grey wings (kala-haṃsa), [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa; Raghuvaṃśa; Suśruta]

16) an arrow, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

17) the plant Nauclea Cadamba, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

18) Kādambā (कादम्बा):—[from kādamba] f. a kind of plant, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

19) Kādamba (कादम्ब):—n. the flower of the Nauclea Cadamba, [Suśruta]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Kaḍamba (कडम्ब):—(mbaḥ) 1. m. The stalk of a potherb; end or point.

2) Kadamba (कदम्ब):—(mbaḥ) 1. m. A plant so called; a kind of grass. n. A multitude.

3) Kādamba (कादम्ब):—(mbaṃ) 1. n. A tree (Nauclea kadamba); a drake or teal; an arrow. f. (mbā) A plant.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Kādamba (कादम्ब) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Āaṃba, Kaḍaṃba, Kaḍaṃbā, Kayaṃba, Kalaṃva, Kāyaṃba, Kāyaṃbaga.

[Sanskrit to German]

Kadamba in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Hindi dictionary

[«previous next»] — Kadamba in Hindi glossary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Kadaṃba (कदंब) [Also spelled kadamb]:—(nm) the tree Nauclea cadamba.

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...

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Prakrit-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary

1) Kaḍaṃba (कडंब) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Kaḍamba.

2) Kaḍaṃbā (कडंबा) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Kadambā.

context information

Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Kaḍaṃba (ಕಡಂಬ):—[noun] the tree Anthocephalus indicus (= A. cadamba, = Nauclea cadamba) of Rubiaceae family; cadamba tree.

--- OR ---

Kadaṃba (ಕದಂಬ):—

1) [noun] the tree Anthocephalus indicus (= A. cadamba, = Nauclea cadamba) of Rubiaceae family; cadamba tree.

2) [noun] a great number of people gathered at one place; a group; a multitude.

3) [noun] the small black round seed of the plant Brassica nigra (or B. juncea) used as a spice; mustard seed.

4) [noun] something made by mixing; a mixture; a mixing or being mixed.

5) [noun] boiled rice mixed with various spices and vegetables.

6) [noun] extreme confusion or disorder; want of order.

7) [noun] the powder made from the aromatic rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa, used as a yellow dye, for seasoning or in medicine; turmeric.

8) [noun] one of the dynasties of Karnāṭaka.

9) [noun] a kind of perfume.

--- OR ---

Kādaṃba (ಕಾದಂಬ):—

1) [noun] a waterfowl with long neck, and gray feathers.

2) [noun] the tree Anthocephalus indicus (= A. cadamba, = Nauclea cadamba) of Rubiaceae family; cadamba tree.

3) [noun] the flower of that tree.

4) [noun] the plant Viburnum hebanthum of Caprifoliaceae family.

5) [noun] its yellow flower.

6) [noun] an arrow.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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