Karshapana, Kārṣāpaṇa, Karṣāpaṇa, Karsha-apana: 15 definitions
Introduction:
Karshapana means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit terms Kārṣāpaṇa and Karṣāpaṇa can be transliterated into English as Karsapana or Karshapana, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaKārṣāpaṇa (कार्षापण).—(KĀRṢIKAM). A measure of weight for gold and silver in ancient India.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana IndexKārṣāpaṇa (कार्षापण).—A coin in common use; fines in terms of.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 227. 79 & 93, 197.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita SastraKārṣāpaṇa (कार्षापण) refers to “(copper or gold) coins”, according to Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter 2).—Accordingly, “[Question.—Why do the Buddhist sūtras begin with the words: ‘Thus have I heard’?]—[...] Although the disciples of the Buddha understood the non-existence of self (anātman), they conform to current usage (saṃvṛtidharma) and speak of a self (ātman). But this ātman is not a true Ātman. Thus there is nothing ridiculous in exchanging copper coins (tāmra-kārṣāpaṇa) for gold coins (suvarṇa-kārṣāpaṇa). Why? Because the rules of commerce (krayavikrayadharma) demand it. It is the same when we speak of ātman. In a system [that sets up the thesis of] the Anātman, we can talk about the Ātman; by conforming to current usage (lokasaṃvṛti), we do not incur any blame. [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
General definition (in Buddhism)
Source: Google Books: Divine Stories: DivyavadanaKārṣāpaṇa (कार्षापण).—A kind of coin in ancient India, usually of copper or silver, though gold ones also circulated.
India history and geography
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryKārṣāpaṇa.—(IE 8-8; EI 29; CII 4), name of a gold, silver or copper coin one karṣa (80 ratis) in weight; name of a silver coin of 32 ratis, same as purāṇa or dharaṇa; name applied to the gold gaṇḍa-māḍa also called niṣka or gaṇḍa-niṣka (JNSI, Vol. XVI, p. 43). The weight of a copper or gold kārṣāpaṇa was 80 or 100 ratis (JNSI, Vol XV, p. 143); copper kārṣāpaṇa was also called paṇa. Cf. kāhāpaṇa (EI 8), Prakrit for Sanskrit kārṣāpaṇa; see kāhāṇa, kāhaṇa. Note: kārṣāpaṇa is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
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Kārṣāpaṇa.—silver coin weighing 32 ratis (about 58 grains), also called purāṇa or dharaṇa; copper coin of 80 ratis or about 146 grains (sometimes 100 ratis or about 183 grains), also called paṇa; Śaka-type silver coin of about 20 ratis, also called rūpaka, dramma, etc.; gold coin of 80 ratis (cf. suvarṇa); name applied to gaṇḍa māḍa (probably (1/2) tola in weight), also called niṣka (q. v.); same as kāhaṇa, etc.; cf. karṣa of 120 ratis. Note: kārṣāpaṇa is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryKārṣāpaṇa (कार्षापण).—A coin or weight of different values; पुराकल्प एतदासीत् षोडश माषाः कार्षापणं (purākalpa etadāsīt ṣoḍaśa māṣāḥ kārṣāpaṇaṃ) Mahābhārata on P.I.2.64. कार्षापणं तु विज्ञेयस्ताम्रिकः कार्षिकः पणः (kārṣāpaṇaṃ tu vijñeyastāmrikaḥ kārṣikaḥ paṇaḥ) Manusmṛti 9.136,336;9.282. (= karṣa). न हि काकिन्यां नष्टायां तदन्वेषणं कार्षापणेन क्रियते (na hi kākinyāṃ naṣṭāyāṃ tadanveṣaṇaṃ kārṣāpaṇena kriyate) ŚB. on MS.4.3.39.
-ṇam Money, gold and silver.
Derivable forms: kārṣāpaṇaḥ (कार्षापणः), kārṣāpaṇam (कार्षापणम्).
See also (synonyms): kārṣāpaṇaka.
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Karṣāpaṇa (कर्षापण).—= कार्षापण (kārṣāpaṇa) q. v.
Karṣāpaṇa is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms karṣa and āpaṇa (आपण).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryKārṣāpaṇa (कार्षापण).—mn.
(-ṇaḥ-ṇaṃ) A weight or measure of different values, as syno- nimous with Karsha; it is of gold, weighing sixteen Mashas, or about 176 grains; of silver, it is in value sixteen Panas of kowries, or in tale 1280 commonly termed a Kahan: of copper it weighs eighty Retis, or the same as of gold, about 176 grains; according to some, it is the same as a Pan of Kowries, or in tale eighty. n.
(-ṇaṃ) Money, gold and silver. m.
(-ṇaḥ) A husbandman. E. karṣa a Karsha of silver, āpaṇa custom, habit, and the vowel of karṣa lengthened; also with kan added kārṣāpaṇakaḥ see karṣapaṇa and kārṣika.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryKārṣāpaṇa (कार्षापण).—i. e. karṣa -āpana + a, m. and n. A coin, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 136.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryKārṣāpaṇa (कार्षापण).—[masculine] [neuter] a cert. coin or weight.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Karṣāpaṇa (कर्षापण):—= kārṣāpaṇa q.v.
2) Kārṣāpaṇa (कार्षापण):—[from kārṣa] mn. ([gana] ardharcādi; cf. karṣ) ‘weighing a Karṣa’, a coin or weight of different values (if of gold, = 16 Māṣas See karṣa; if of silver, = 16 Paṇas or 1280 Kowries, commonly termed a Kahān; if of copper, = 80 Raktikās or about 176 grains; but [according to] to some = only 1 Paṇa of Kowries or 80 Kowries), [Manu-smṛti viii, 136; 336; ix, 282]
3) [v.s. ...] (ifc.) worth so many Kārṣāpaṇas, [Pāṇini 5-1, 29]
4) [v.s. ...] n. money, gold and silver, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
5) [v.s. ...] m. [plural] Name of a warrior-tribe [gana] parśv-ādi
6) [v.s. ...] m. the chief of this tribe, [ib. and 4-1, 177], [vArttika] 2.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryKārṣāpaṇa (कार्षापण):—[(ṇaḥ-ṇaṃ)] 1. m. n. A weight of 176 grains. m. A husbandman. n. Money, gold and silver.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Kārṣāpaṇa (कार्षापण) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Kāhāvaṇa.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusKārṣāpaṇa (ಕಾರ್ಷಾಪಣ):—
1) [noun] a silver coin of the weight of sixteen cowries.
2) [noun] a standard piece of a metal, of sixteen cowries, used on a balance or scale in weighing.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Karsha, Apana.
Starts with: Karshapanachedikam, Karshapanachhedikam, Karshapanaka, Karshapanamamsika, Karshapanavara.
Ends with: Adhyardhakarshapana, Dvikarshapana, Kutakarshapana, Lohakarshapana, Mukutekarshapana, Suvarnakarshapana, Tamrakarshapana.
Full-text (+25): Karshapanika, Karshapanaka, Adhyardhakarshapana, Karshapanavara, Karshika, Adhyardhapratika, Dvikarshapana, Dvipratika, Dvikarshapanika, Kahapana, Adhyardhakarshapanika, Pratika, Dhanaka, Kutakarshapana, Lohakarshapana, Kahavana, Samvadya, Kahana, Mukutekarshapana, Antashas.
Relevant text
Search found 26 books and stories containing Karshapana, Kārṣāpaṇa, Karṣāpaṇa, Karsha-apana, Karsapana, Karṣa-āpaṇa, Karsa-apana; (plurals include: Karshapanas, Kārṣāpaṇas, Karṣāpaṇas, apanas, Karsapanas, āpaṇas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 8.274 < [Section XLI - Verbal Assault (Abuse and Defamation)]
Verse 8.336 < [Section XLIV - Robbery (sāhasa)]
Verse 8.295 < [Section XLII - Assaults]
Brihat Samhita (by N. Chidambaram Iyer)
Chapter 80 - On Gems (ratna-parīkṣā)
Chapter 82 - On Rubies (padmarāga-lakṣaṇa)
Brahma Sutras (Shankaracharya) (by George Thibaut)
III, 2, 33 < [Third Adhyāya, Second Pāda]
Kautilya Arthashastra (by R. Shamasastry)
Chapter 14 - The Duties of the State Goldsmith in the High Road < [Book 2 - The duties of Government Superintendents]
Chapter 12 - Conducting Mining Operations and Manufacture < [Book 2 - The duties of Government Superintendents]
Gautama Dharmasūtra (by Gautama)
The Matsya Purana (critical study) (by Kushal Kalita)
Part 7b - Punishment with fine < [Chapter 6 - Polity in the Matsyapurāṇa]