Jala, Jalā, Jālā, Jāla, Jaḷa: 50 definitions

Introduction:

Jala means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit term Jaḷa can be transliterated into English as Jala or Jalia, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

Alternative spellings of this word include Jaal.

Images (photo gallery)

In Hinduism

Vastushastra (architecture)

Source: Wisdom Library: Vāstu-śāstra

Water (जल, jala) is one of the five primary elements (pañcabhūta) forming the basic components of the world, according to Vāstu-śāstra literature. It is because of the presence and balance of these five elements that our planet thrives with life.

Source: OpenEdition books: Architectural terms contained in Ajitāgama and Rauravāgama

Jāla (जाल) [or jālaka] refers to “claustra §§ 2.1; 3.40; 4.22.”.—(For paragraphs cf. Les enseignements architecturaux de l'Ajitāgama et du Rauravāgama by Bruno Dagens)

Source: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (vastu)

Jāla (जाल) refers to the “lattice (of windows)” of Temples (in ancient Indian architecture), according to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.—The sarvatobhadra type is a special kind of temple which is a great one and appears to be very sophisticated. According to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, the sarvatobhadra type of temple should have kuharas (interior windows) placed to adorn the śikharas and those kuharas are attached with gavākṣas i.e., latticed windows and a jāla i.e., a lattice over those.

Vastushastra book cover
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Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

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Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

1) Jala (जल).—A deity of water. In Mahābhārata, Sabhā Parva, Chapter 11, Stanza 20 it is mentioned that this deva was a luminary in the durbar of Brahmā.

2) Jalā (जला).—A tributary of river Jamunā. The King Uśīnara performed a yāga (sacrifice) on the bank of this river and attained a position higher than Indra. (Mahābhārata Vana Parva, Chapter 13, Stanza 21).

Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

Jala (जल) refers to the “waters” (mentioned as the most important of sanctifying and life-giving agents—pāvana), according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.5.2 (“The Prayer of the gods).—Accordingly, as the Gods eulogized Śiva: “[...] Among the sense-organs you are the mind; among the charitable gifts you are the gift of freedom from fear; among the sanctifying and life-giving agents you are considered the waters (jala). Among all acquisitions you are the acquisition of sons; among those with velocity you are the wind; among the routine sacred rites you are the Sandhyā worship. [...]”.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

Jala (जल).—As a deity with its adhīdevata Bhava; worshipped in founding a new temple.*

  • * Matsya-purāṇa 265. 39 and 41.
Source: Shodhganga: The saurapurana - a critical study

Jala (जल) refers to one of the various kinds of articles used for donation, according to the 10th century Saurapurāṇa: one of the various Upapurāṇas depicting Śaivism.—Accordingly, the tenth chapter contains the praise and classification of donations. It narrates the characteristics of proper recipients and the results of giving different kinds of articles like Bhūmi, Vidyā, Anna, Jala, Tila, Vāsa, Dīpa, Yāna, Śayyā, Dhānya, Aśva, Śāka, Indhana, Chatra, Auṣadha, Go, etc.

Purana book cover
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The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

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Shilpashastra (iconography)

Source: Wisdom Library: Śilpa-śāstra

Jāla (जाल) refers to “lattice”, “snare” or “perforated”.

Shilpashastra book cover
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Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.

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Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstra

Jalā (जला) is the name of a meter belonging to the Gāyatrī class of Dhruvā (songs) described in the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 32:—“the metre which has in its feet of six syllables the first four and the last one long, is jalā”.

Natyashastra book cover
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Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

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Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: archive.org: Indian Historical Quarterly Vol. 7 (shaivism)

Jalā (जला) refers to one of the twenty-four names of the Lāmās, according to the 8th-centry Jayadratha-yāmala.—While describing the special practices of the Lāmās mentions the special language to be used with them. This language is described as monosyllabic (ekākṣara-samullāpa) and may thus be considered to have belonged to the Sino-Tibetan family as the Lamas themselves belonged to the Tibetan group of mystics. The Lāmās [viz., Jalā], according to this language, had 24 different names.

Source: SOAS University of London: Protective Rites in the Netra Tantra

1) Jala (जल) refers to “water” (which is suitable for worship), according to the Netratantra of Kṣemarāja: a Śaiva text from the 9th century in which Śiva (Bhairava) teaches Pārvatī topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.—Accordingly, [verse 9.19cd-26, while instructing to visualize Sadāśiva in order to worship the formless Amṛteśa]—“[...] Thus, having meditated, [the Mantrin] should worship Deveśa according to the rule [stated in the canon]. He should revere Īśāna, etc., and Sadyojāta, etc., in each’s own form, in open, unoccupied ground, on a liṅga, in water (jala), above a lotus, and in each’s own direction.”.

2) Jāla (जाल) refers to a “net” (for decoration).—Accordingly, [verse 13.1-9, while describing the appearance and worship of Viṣṇu, in the form of Nārāyaṇa]—“He should always think of the four-armed Nārāyaṇa arising. [...] Deva bears divine garments [and] sits atop a divine flower [i.e., a lotus]. [He is] decorated with a gleaming crown of rubies, a small bell, and a net (jāla...kiṅkiṇījālamaṇḍitam) [and] wears heavenly earrings. [...]”.

Shaivism book cover
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Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

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Ayurveda (science of life)

Dietetics and Culinary Art (such as household cooking)

Source: Shodhganga: Dietetics and culinary art in ancient and medieval India

Jala (जल) refers to “water” according to the 17th century Bhojanakutūhala (dravyaguṇāguṇa-kathana), and is commonly found in literature dealing with the topics of dietetics and culinary art, also known as Pākaśāstra or Pākakalā.—Different types of water (jala) and their properties are mentioned here [viz., in jala-prakaraṇa]. The water is classified into two as celestial and terrestrial ones. Celestial waters are again subdivided into four types, rain water (dhārāja), hailstone water (karakābhava), fog water (tauṣāra) and snow water (haima). Terrestrial waters are classified into three as forest originated (jāṅgala), marshy land water (ānūpa) and other varieties (sādhāraṇa).

The text explains the qualities of the water of certain important rivers [...]. It is interesting to note that the properties of boiled water based on the fuel used to boil the same are described. The fuels discussed here are bhallātaka (marking-nut tree), palāśa (Butea frondosa), jambu (roseapple), badari (Jujuba tree), khadira (acacia catechu), kadamba (Eugenia racemosa) and dhātri (gooseberry).

In the Jala or “water” group of foodstuffs, the following substances are beneficial (hita) to the body: Divya (rain water).

Kalpa (Formulas, Drug prescriptions and other Medicinal preparations)

Source: Shodhganga: Edition translation and critical study of yogasarasamgraha

Jala (जल) is another name for “Hrībera” and is dealt with in the 15th-century Yogasārasaṅgraha (Yogasara-saṅgraha) by Vāsudeva: an unpublished Keralite work representing an Ayurvedic compendium of medicinal recipes. The Yogasārasaṃgraha [mentioning jala] deals with entire recipes in the route of administration, and thus deals with the knowledge of pharmacy (bhaiṣajya-kalpanā) which is a branch of pharmacology (dravyaguṇa).

Toxicology (Study and Treatment of poison)

Source: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita—Text on Visha Chikitsa

Jala (जल) or “saliva” refers to one of the thirteen sources of Jaṅgama (mobile) poison, as described in the Kāśyapa Saṃhitā: an ancient Sanskrit text from the Pāñcarātra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Viṣacikitsā—an important topic from Āyurveda which deals with the study of Toxicology (Viṣavidyā or Sarpavidyā).—Kaśyapa states in the fourth Adhyāya that Śiva taught him that poisons are of five kinds viz. immobile, mobile, artificial, caused by planets and (arising out of) doubt. The sources of these five kinds of viṣa, Kaśyapasaṃhitā deals mainly with the sthāvara (immobile), jaṅgama (mobile) poison according to Kaśyapa are thirteen in number [viz., saliva (jala)].

Unclassified Ayurveda definitions

Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms

1) Jala (जल):—1. Water. 2. One of the five basic elements (Paṅcamahābhūtas) that make up all the matter in the universe. Indicative of liquidity and cohesion.

2) Jāla (जाल):—Clear manifestation of tendon network

Ayurveda book cover
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Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

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Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

1) Jāla (जाल) (or, Jālandhara, Jālaka) is another name for Kārala, which refers to a Mahāpīṭha (main sacred seat) and one of the ten places visited by the Goddess on her pilgrimage, according to Tantric texts such as the Kubjikāmata-tantra, the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—Accordingly, “[...] (Then) having thus given them a boon, she reached Karāla. The place is brilliant with rows of mighty flames (mahājvāla), the greatly astonishing energy (tejas) of the goddess, and so is called Jāla. Passing some time (there), she burnt with the awakened rays (of her radiance) and beheld before (her) countless marvellous creations like (those produced) by magic (indrajāla)”.

Note: Jāla is fancifully derived from ‘jvāla’—‘flame’ or ‘fire’—or may be understood as what it literally means, that is, ‘net’ in the sense of the ‘net of Māyā’ or the ‘net of Indra’ (indrajāla) i.e. ‘magic’.

2) Jāla (जाल) refers to Jālapīṭha: one of the Pīṭhas (“sacred seats”) where the god unites with the goddess according to the Ambāmatasaṃhitā.—[...] Having descended into a cave in the sacred seat called Jāla, when the goddess fashioned the form beautiful as the moon that women possess, the god also (assumed a bodily form) for the sake of emanation. Thus emanation is said (to have taken place there). They again exercised their authority there for a long time.

3) Jālā (जाला) (or Cāmuṇḍā, Siddhayoginī) is the Goddess associated with Jālandhara, one of the sacred seats (pīṭha), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Note: We observe that the Goddess in each seat is a Śavarī and the god a Śavara. The Śavaras are one of a number of tribes who are commonly associated with the deities, major and minor, in many Tantric traditions of this sort, both Śaiva and Buddhist. Implicit in these associations is that these deities [i.e., Jālā], in this case those of the sacred seats, are related to tribal ones.

Shaktism book cover
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Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

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Vedanta (school of philosophy)

Source: Google Books: Studies on the Moksopaya

Jala (जल) refers to “water”, according to the 10th century Mokṣopāya or Mokṣopāyaśāstra 6.182.13-17.—Accordingly, “With regard to each of [the three:] perceiver (draṣṭṛ), perception (darśana) and perceived objects (dṛśya), the state of mere knowledge is the essence; therefore there is not in the least a difference from it (i.e. knowledge), like a flower in space (is not different from space). (13) What is of the same kind becomes one. Therefore mutual perception [of things] determines their unity. (14) If wood, stones and other [material objects] did not have knowledge as their nature, then there would be a permanent non-perception of these, which would even be nonexistent. (15) When the whole beauty of perceptible objects has but one form of mere knowledge, then, whether it is different or identical, it becomes known through knowledge. (16) This whole [group of] perceptible objects in the world has expanded [as] mere knowledge, just as wind is mere movement and the ocean [i.e., arṇava] mere water [i.e., jala-mātra]. (17)”.

Vedanta book cover
context information

Vedanta (वेदान्त, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

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Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

1) Jala (जल) refers to “flood”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 7), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “Mercury (Budha) never reappears after his conjunction with the sun without upsetting the existing order of things: he causes fear from flood [i.e., jala-bhaya], from fire and from storms and paralizes trade by abnormally enhancing or lowering the price of food grains. If Mercury should cut through the constellations of Śravaṇa, Dhaniṣṭhā, Rohiṇī, Mṛgaśīrṣa and Uttarāṣāḍha, sacred respectively to Viṣṇu, Aṣṭavasu, Brahmā, the Moon and Viśvedevā, his disc appearing to rub against those of the stars, he causes drought and disease in the land”.

2) Jala (जल) or Jalaketu refers to a particular type of Ketus (i.e., luminous bodies such as comets and meteors), according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 11).— Accordingly, “Jala Ketu is a comet which appears in the west with a raised tail; it is glossy, when it appears there will be prosperity in the land for 9 months, and the world will be freed from all miseries. Bhava Ketu is a comet visible only for a single night and in the east, possessing a small disc; it is glossy; the tail is bent like that of a lion. There will be unprecedented happiness in the land for as many months as the number of hours for which it continues to be visible; if it should be fearful to look at, fatal diseases will afflict mankind”.

Jyotisha book cover
context information

Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

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Yoga (school of philosophy)

Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch

1) Jāla (जाल) refers to the “network (of sense objects)”, according to the Bhāṣya (commentary) on the Pātañjalayogaśāstra (i.e., The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali).—Accordingly: “Yoga is not perfected by one who does not practise Tapas. Impurity, which is of various kinds because of beginningless Karma, affliction and habitual tendencies and because of which the network of sense objects (viṣaya-jālā) stands opposed [to Yoga], is not weakened without Tapas. Thus, the mention of Tapas [in the root text]”.

2) Jala (जल) refers to “water” according to the Bhāṣya (commentary) on the Pātañjalayogaśāstra Sūtra 3.42.—Accordingly, “... [The yogin] who has mastered the connection [between body and space] becomes light. Because he is light, he can walk on water (jala) [jale pādābhyāṃ]. Then, having walked on merely a spider’s thread, he walks on a ray of light. Then, he moves in the ether as he wishes”.

Yoga book cover
context information

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

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Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)

Source: archive.org: Syainika Sastra of Rudradeva with English Translation (art)

Jāla (जाल) refers to “snares” (used as a hunting technique), according to the Śyainika-śāstra: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, “That is called hunting by snares (sa-jāla) in which animals are killed by tricking, and in which men capture fish, conches, otters, and oysters. Infinite are the means resorted to in this sort of hunting. It is used by low people, by the Niṣādas and others. [...]”.

Arts book cover
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This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (“performing arts”) and Shastras (“sciences”) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.

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General definition (in Hinduism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Hinduism

Jāla (जाल) is a Sanskrit word referring to (as an adjective) “watery”.

Source: archive.org: Indian Historical Quarterly Vol. 7

Jala (जल) is the name of a country classified as Hādi (a type of Tantrik division), according to the 13th century Sammoha-tantra (fol. 7).—There are ample evidences to prove that the zone of heterodox Tantras went far beyond the natural limits of India. [...] The zones in the Sammoha-tantra [viz., Jala] are here fixed according to two different Tantrik modes, known as Kādi and Hādi.

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

Jāla (जाल) refers to the “thread (of doubt)”, according to  the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra chapter 46.—Accordingly, “Generosity destroys the fetter of avarice, favors the beneficiary, drives away malice and suppresses jealousy. The person who honors his beneficiary drives out his own pride and, by giving with a settled mind, breaks the thread of his own doubt (saṃśaya-jāla). Knowing the fruits of retribution of generosity, he drives away wrong views and destroys ignorance. Suppressing all the passions in this way, he opens the doorway to nirvāṇa”.

Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā

1) Jāla (जाल) refers to a “net (of pearls)”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “[...] Then the bodhisatva, the great being Gaganagañja, having heard the Buddha’s prediction, being delighted, offered to the body of the Buddha with a net of pearls (muktā-jāla) having an immaculate and pure radiance with the value of pearls filling the three thousandfold world-system, and then he addressed himself to the Lord: ‘The knowledge of the Awakened Lords is free from any attachment or obstruction; [...]’”.

2) Jala (जल) refers to the “water (in the ocean)”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā.—Accordingly, after the exposition of the dharma, ‘A Chapter of the Collection of Dharma’ (dharmasaṃgraha), was taught: “[...] The following verses issued from the sound of musical instruments: ‘[...] (192) The water in the ocean (sāgara-jala) of three thousandfold worlds is measurable, a bird-track in the sky in ten directions is expressible, and someone can have the same thought as all living beings; but the great qualities of the son of the Sage are inexhaustible. [...]’”.

Mahayana book cover
context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

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Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: MDPI Books: The Ocean of Heroes

Jāla (जाल) refers to an “assembly” (of deities), according to the 10th-century Ḍākārṇava-tantra: one of the last Tibetan Tantric scriptures belonging to the Buddhist Saṃvara tradition consisting of 51 chapters.—Accordingly, “[...] [He should visualize] a seed of knowledge [representing] the self-existent one (viz., hūm) at the center of a lotus on a sun [disk] in [his] heart. Then he should emit rays of various colors, [which] fill the sky. Having attracted an assembly (jāla) of deities formed by Jñānaḍākinī, he should make the Lord of the world seated at the center of a hollow space in the sky. [...]”.

Tibetan Buddhism book cover
context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

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General definition (in Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Buddhism

Jalā (जला) refers to one of the five daughters of Sujāta: an ancient king from the Solar dynasty (sūryavaṃśa) and a descendant of Mahāsaṃmata, according to the Mahāvastu chapter II.32 of the Mahāsaṃghikas (and the Lokottaravāda school).

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: archive.org: Economic Life In Ancient India (as depicted in Jain canonical literature)

Jāla (जाल) refers to one of the twenty-two fishing methods applied by Saurikadatta, according to the Vipākasūtra (or, Vivāgasuya). Fishing was carried on by a certain class of people to earn their livlihood in ancient India. The fishermen (macchabandhā / matsyabandha) went out to the rivers and ponds early in the morning for fishing with their fishing hooks and nets. This occupation was carried on a large scale by some rich personswho engaged hired labour for fishing. Fish (matsya) was an important food of a large section of the people.

 The methods (e.g., Jāla) included roaming in the river on the boat and catching fishes by filtering water through a cloth, by different kinds of nets, by ropes, by diverting water through small water courses, catching fishes in muds, etc. The fishes were brought on boats, piled up at some place on the river side and sent to different places for sale. A large quantity of them were dried up, presumably for being preserved for sometime.

Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 6: Influx of karmas

Jala (जल).—One of the five types of retentions (dhāraṇā) of saṃsthānavicaya (contemplation of objects of structure of the universe);—What is meant by water (jala) retention? After the air retention contemplate that the area above the brain is covered with a thick shield of clouds. It has started drizzles as large water droplets all over you. This washes away even the stains left behind by the ashes of karmas and body particles leaving behind just pure and clean soul. This is called water retention.

Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 2: the Category of the living

Jala (जल, “water”), Ap or Āpas refers to one of the five types of immobile beings (sthāvara), according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 2.13. The sthāvara is a type of empirical (saṃsārī) soul, or sentient (jīva). The state of empirical souls due to the rise of ‘stationery-body-making karma’/ sthāvara-nāmakarma, having only one type of sense organ namely body and which cannot move around freely are called with stationery bodies (sthāvara), eg., jala.

What is the meaning of water (jala)? The crust of the water having coolness as its own nature but no consciousness is called water. What is the meaning of water-bodied living beings? The living being which has water as its body is called water bodied living being. How many types of water are there? There are four types of water namely water, water-bodied, life in water body and life tending towards a water body.

Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections

1) Jāla (जाल) refers to a “multitude” (of worms), according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “For great men, what kind of delight is there in the body which is riddled with a multitude of hundreds of worms (kṛmi-jāla-śatākīrṇa), afflicted by a multitude of diseases [and] worn out by old age? Whatever thing here in the body, which is the foul abode of bad odours, is considered by the one whose mind is pure, that bestows contempt on everything”.

Synonyms: Samūha, Jāta, Prasara, Saṃbhāra, Pracaya, Paṭala.

2) Jala (जल) refers to “water”, according to the Jñānārṇava.—Accordingly, “And one washes a lump of earth with water [com.jala] again and again, even a hundred times, then the water obtains dirt [and] it may share dirtiness with the body. If, by chance, this body is cleaned by the waters of the ocean then, being cleaned, in an instant it contaminates even those [waters] also”.

Synonyms: Vāri, Ambu.

General definition book cover
context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

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India history and geography

Source: Epigraphia Indica Vol. 1: The Praśasti of Lakkhā Maṇḍal

Jala (जल) is the name of a king belonging to the line of Yadu (the yādavas), according to the Praśasti (eulogy or panegyric) of the temple of Lakkhā Maṇḍal at Maḍhā in the Jaunsār Bāwar district on the Upper Jamnā. Accordingly, the yādava kings of the lunar race (candravaṃśa) had ruled over the Siṅghapura country “since the beginning of the Yuga”.

The father of Jala was named Siṅghavarman, while his son was named Yajñavarman whose own son was named Acalavarman (or Achalavarman). Accordingly, “His son was he who is named the illustrious Jala, a prince whose peculiar action was the filling of the regions (with his fame), who removed the torments of his people, and who rained water (as it were) for (quenching) the forest-fire of the Kaliyuga. His son was the king named the illustrious Yajñavarman, by whom the peacocks were ever made to cry aloud on account of the smoke-clouds (arising) from the sacrificial butter”.

The Praśasti (600-800 AD) was composed by Bhaṭṭa Vasudeva and incised in the stone by the mason Īśvaraṇāga. It records the dedication of a temple of Śiva by a princess, Īśvarā, who belonged to the royal race of Siṅghapura, for the spiritual welfare of her deceased husband. The latter, called Śrī-Candragupta, was the son of a king of Jālandhara. The greater part of the inscription is taken up by an account of the ancestors.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Jala.—cf. sa-jala-sthala (IE 8-5); the waters [in a village]. (IE 7-1-2), used in the sense of jaladhi to indicate ‘four’. Note: jala is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

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Jāla.—(Ep. Ind., Vol. XIV, p. 309), cf. Sanskrit jālaka, ‘a bunch of buds’; a load. Note: jāla is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

India history book cover
context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

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Biology (plants and animals)

Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

Jala in Mali is the name of a plant defined with Khaya senegalensis in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Khaya senegalensis A. Juss. (among others).

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences (2003)
· Anticancer Research (2397)
· Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique (1791)
· Anais Cons. Ultramar. (1858)
· Planta Medica (1999)
· Phytotherapy Research (2007)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Jala, for example chemical composition, health benefits, extract dosage, diet and recipes, pregnancy safety, side effects, have a look at these references.

Biology book cover
context information

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

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Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

jala : (nt.) water. || jaḷa (adj.) slow; stupid. (m.) a stupid person. jāla (nt.) a net; entanglement. jālā (f.) flame.

Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

Jala, (nt.) (Sk. jala, conn. with gala drop (?), prob. dialectical; cp. udaka) water Sn. 845; J. I, 222; III, 188; IV, 137.

— or —

1) Jāla, 2 (Sk. jvāla, from jalati) glow, blaze J. V, 326; PvA. 52 (=tejas), 154 (raṃsi°); Miln. 357; Vism. 419 (kappavināsaka°).

2) Jāla, 1 (nt.) (Vedic jāla, prob. from jaṭ to plait, make a tangle cp. jaṭita & jaṭā; on l: ṭ cp. phulla: sphuṭa; cāru: cāṭu; cela: ceṭa) a net; netting, entanglement (lit. or fig.): snare, deceptíon (=māyā).—A. I, it. Nd2 260 (=suttajāla, a plaiting of threads); SnA 115, 263 (=suttamaya) D. I, 45 (anto-jālikata caught in a net); Sn. 62, 71, 213, 669; J. I, 52; VI, 139.—kiṅkiṇika° a row of bells D. II, 183; muttā° a net of pearls J. I, 9; VvA. 40; loha° PvA. 153; hema° Vv 35; a fowler’s net Dh. 174; a spider’s web Dh. 347; nets for hair J. VI, 188; pabbata° a chain of mountains J. II, 399; sirā° network of veins J. V, 69; PvA. 68.—frequent in similes: see J. P. T. S. 1907, 90.—B. Fig. Very often applied to the snares of Māra: S. I, 48 (maccuno); Sn. 357 (id.); DhA. III, 175 (Māra°); Sn. 527 (deception); taṇhā° the snare of worldly thirst (cp. °tanhā) M. I, 271; Th. 1, 306; SnA 351; kāma° Th. 1, 355; moha° S. III, 83; mohasama Dh. 251; diṭṭhi° the fallacies of heresy D. I, 46; J. VI, 220; ñāṇa° the net of knowledge VvA. 63; DhA. III, 171. bhumma° (vijjā) “earthly net, ” i.e. gift of clearsight extending over the earth SnA 353.

— or —

Jālā, (f.) (see jāla2) a flame J. I, 216, 322; Miln. 148, 357. (Page 283)

— or —

Jaḷa, (adj.) (Sk. jaḍa) dull, slow, stupid D. III, 265 (a°); A. II, 252; Pug. 13; Miln. 251; DA. I, 290. (Page 280)

Pali book cover
context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

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Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

jala (जल).—n (S) Water. Pr. jalānta rāhūna māśāṃsīṃ vaira. jalīṃ sthalīṃ kāṣṭīṃ pāṣāṇīṃ (In water, in space, in wood, in stone.) Used primarily of the Deity; and hence of one who has a finger in every one's dish, or of one whom you meet at every turn.

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jaḷa (जळ).—f (jaḷaṇēṃ) Waste (of metals, butter, wax &c.) on being melted or heated. 2 The soot at the bottom of pots, crock. 3 m fig. Anger, passion, wrath. 4 Spirit (in a bad sense); proudness of spirit, stout-heartedness, contumaciousness, indomitable resisting and burning against.

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jaḷa (जळ).—n (jala S) Water. For the compounds with this word see those with jala.

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jaḷa (जळ).—f The lath or slip which covers the junction-line of two planks in a flooring.

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jāla (जाल).—n (S) A net. 2 A number of things strung or gathered together; as kēśajāla Dressed hair; varṇajāla The alphabet; vṛkṣajāla A forest or grove; śabdajāla A vocabulary. Also nakṣatrajāla, grahajāla, pakṣajāla, padajāla, gṛhajāla, tṛṇajāla, bāṇajāla or śarajāla, tantujāla, śastrajāla, mēghajāla, dhūmajāla. 3 Used fig. in the significations of Net or entanglement; as karmajāla, bhavajāla, māyājāla, mōhajāla, viṣayajāla.

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jāḷa (जाळ).—f (jāla S) A natural and close bower; a thicket; a thick bush.

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jāḷa (जाळ).—m (jvālā S) Fire or flame. Pr. jāḷāvāṃ- cūna kaḍha nāhīṃ māyēvāñcūna raḍa nāhīṃ. 2 A fever. v . 3 Passion or anger. jāḷa uṭhaṇēṃ m pl with or sa of s. To become hot and fiery--eyes, hands, feet.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

jala (जल).—n Water.

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jaḷa (जळ).—n Water. m Anger. f Waste on being heated or melted. The soot at bottom of pots.

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jāla (जाल).—n A net. A number of things strung together; as kēśajāla Dressed hair.

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jāḷa (जाळ).—m Fire or flame. A fever. Anger. f A thicket. jāḷa uṭhaṇēṃ Become hot and fiery-feet, &c.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Jala (जल).—a. [jal ac ḍasya lo vā]

1) Dull, cold, frigid = जड (jaḍa) q. v.

2) Stupid, idiotic.

-lam 1 Water; तातस्य कूपोऽ- यमिति ब्रुवाणाः क्षारं जलं कापुरुषाः पिबन्ति (tātasya kūpo'- yamiti bruvāṇāḥ kṣāraṃ jalaṃ kāpuruṣāḥ pibanti) | Pañcatantra (Bombay) 1.322.

2) A kind of fragrant medicinal plant or perfume (hrīvera).

3) The embryo or uterus of a cow.

5) The constellation called पूर्वाषाढा (pūrvāṣāḍhā).

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Jāla (जाल).—1 A net, snare.

2) (a) A web, cob-web. (b) Any woven texture.

3) A coat of mail, a helmet made of wire.

4) An eye-hole, lattice, window; जाला- न्तरप्रेषितदृष्टिरन्या (jālā- ntarapreṣitadṛṣṭiranyā) R.7.9; धूपैर्जालविनिः सृतैर्वलभयः संदिग्धपारा- वताः (dhūpairjālaviniḥ sṛtairvalabhayaḥ saṃdigdhapārā- vatāḥ) V.3.2; Kumārasambhava 7.6.

5) A collection, an assemblage, number, mass; गभस्तिजालैः प्रदिशो दिशश्च (gabhastijālaiḥ pradiśo diśaśca) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 3.164.1; चिन्तासन्ततितन्तुजालनिबिडस्यूतेव (cintāsantatitantujālanibiḍasyūteva) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 5.1; Kumārasambhava 7.89; Śi. 4.56; Amaruśataka 58.

6) Magic.

7) Illusion, deception.

8) An unblown flower.

9) The membrane which unites the toes of many water-birds.

1) A disease of the eyes.

11) Pride, arrogance.

-laḥ The Kadamba tree.

Derivable forms: jālam (जालम्).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Jalā (जला).—name of a princess: Mahāvastu i.348.13.

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Jāla (जाल) or Jālaka.—nt., probably bouquet of flowers (here withered ones, to be removed from caityas); so jālaka is used in Sanskrit; the only plausible alternative would be spider-web, which jāla also means in Sanskrit (compare Schmidt, Nachträge) and Pali. In any case it means something the removal of which from caityas is a work of merit: yo jālakāni apanaye (so read with v.l. for Senart upanaye) cetiyeṣu Mahāvastu ii.391.3; choretva jālaṃ jinacetiyeṣu 391.22, repeated in the sequel; parallel Śikṣāsamuccaya 306.2, 4 choritva jālaṃ; 6, 8, 10 apanīya (ed. em. upa°) jālaṃ. On the passage, misunderstood by Senart and Bendall, see s.v. chorayati. In the immediately following verses, Mahāvastu ii.392.21 ff., Śikṣāsamuccaya 306.11 ff., the meritorious removal of withered flowers is unambiguously mentioned.

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Jālā (जाला).—(fem.!), net = jāla (nt.): jālā-vitānāvanaddhena (pāṇinā) Lalitavistara 318.14 (prose), with his hand bound by a web- canopy (between the fingers). The only v.l. is jālo- for jālā-, which is senseless. Both edd. jālā-.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Jala (जल).—mfn.

(-laḥ-lā-laṃ) Cold stupid, apathetic, idiotic, &c. n.

(-laṃ) 1. Water. 2. A kind of perfume: see hrīvera. 3. The uterus of a cow. 4. Frigidity, (moral, mental, or physical.) 5. The constellation called Purvashada. E. jal to hide, to encompass, &c. affix ac; also la being changed to its congener ḍa, jaḍa q. v.

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Jāla (जाल).—n.

(-laṃ) 1. A net. 2. A window, a lattice, an eyelet or loophole. 3. A multitude, an assemblage. 4. An unblown flower. 5. Pride, arrogance. 6. Magic, conjuring, illusion, supernatural deception m.

(-laḥ) 1. The Kadamba-tree. 2. The young fruit of a gourd or cucumber. f. (-lī) 1. A small cucumber, (Trichosanthes diœca, Rox.) 2. Any medicament or drug. E. jal to encompass, to hide or screen, affix aṇ.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Jala (जल).— (cf. jaḍa), I. n. 1. Water, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 4, 46. 2. A fragrant plant, [Suśruta] 2, 275, 19. Ii. f. , The name of a river, Mahābhārata 3, 10556.

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Jāla (जाल).—n. 1. A net, [Pañcatantra] 78, 14. 2. A coat of mail, Mahābhārata 6, 725. 3. A lattice, [Rāmāyaṇa] 3, 61, 13. 4. A window, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 132. 5. A dense multitude, [Rāmāyaṇa] 1, 28, 23. 6. A webmembrance between the fingers, [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] [distich] 175. 7. A disease of the eye, [Suśruta] 2, 311, 6. 8. Magic, illusion, [Kathāsaritsāgara, (ed. Brockhaus.)] 24, 199.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Jala (जल).—1. [neuter] water (also [plural]); [abstract] [feminine]

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Jala (जल).—2. [adjective] = jaḍa.

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Jāla (जाल).—1. [neuter] net, web, springe, snare, coat or helmet of wire, grate, lattice, (lattice-) window, the membrane between the toes of waterbirds (supposed also to exist between the toes and fingers of godlike personages), mane (of a lion); collection, multitude.

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Jāla (जाल).—2. [adjective] watery.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Jala (जल):—1. jala mfn. = jaḍa (cf.jal), stupid (cf. lādkipa, lāśaya), [Śārṅgadhara-paddhati xxi] ([varia lectio])

2) m. ([gana] jvalādi) a stupid man, [Śiśupāla-vadha v, 37]

3) Name of a man (with the [patronymic] Jātūkarṇya), [Śāṅkhāyana-śrauta-sūtra xvi, 29, 6]

4) n. (also [plural]) water, any fluid, [Naighaṇṭuka, commented on by Yāska i, 12; Yājñavalkya i, 17; Mahābhārata] etc. (ifc. f(ā). )

5) n. a kind of Andropogon, [Bhāvaprakāśa vii, 10, 52 & 78; 28, 18]

6) the 4th mansion (in [astrology]), [Varāha-mihira’s Yogayātrā iv, 26]

7) a cow’s embryo (go-kalaka or lana), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

8) (= jaḍa) frigidity (moral or mental or physical), [Horace H. Wilson]

9) Jalā (जला):—[from jala] f. Name of a river, [Mahābhārata iii, 10556.]

10) Jala (जल):—2. jala [Nominal verb] lati, to become water, [Śatruṃjaya-māhātmya xiv.]

11) Jāla (जाल):—1. jāla mfn. watery, [Mahābhārata iii, 11967]

12) 2. jāla n. a net (for catching birds, fish etc.), [Atharva-veda viii, x; Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra; Pāraskara-gṛhya-sūtra] etc.

13) a hairnet, [Āpastamba-dharma-sūtra]

14) a net ([figuratively]), snare, [Yājñavalkya iii, 119; Mahābhārata iii, 25; Rāmāyaṇa v; Bhartṛhari] etc.

15) (in [anatomy]) the omentum, [Bhāvaprakāśa ii, 310]

16) a cob-web, [Horace H. Wilson]

17) any reticulated or woven texture, wire-net, mail-coat, wire-helmet, [Mahābhārata v ff.; Harivaṃśa; Kumāra-sambhava vii, 59]

18) a lattice, eyelet, [Rāmāyaṇa iii, 61, 13; Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā lvi, 22]

19) a lattice-window, [Manu-smṛti viii, 132; Yājñavalkya i, 361; Vikramorvaśī] etc.

20) ‘the web or membrane on the feet of water-birds’ See -pāda the fingerand toe-membrane of divine beings and godlike personages, [Śakuntalā vii, 16]

21) lion’s mane, [Kathāsaritsāgara lxxv]

22) a bundle of buds, [Horace H. Wilson]

23) (chiefly ifc.) collection, multitude, [Mahābhārata] etc.

24) deception, illusion magic, [Daśakumāra-carita viii, 42; Kathāsaritsāgara xxiv, 199]

25) pride, [Horace H. Wilson]

26) for jāta, kind, species, [Śvetāśvatara-upaniṣad v, 3; Rāmāyaṇa ii]

27) m. ([gana] jvalādi) Nauclea Cadamba, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

28) a small cucumber, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc. [Scholiast or Commentator]]

29) cf. ayo-, indra-, giri-, bṛhaj-.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Jala (जल):—(laṃ) 1. n. Water; a perfume; uterus of a cow; frigidity. a. Cold, stupid, idiotic.

2) Jāla (जाल):—(laṃ) 1. n. A net; a lattice; a multitude; an unblown flower; pride; magic. m. Cadamba tree. f. () A small cucumber.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Jala (जल) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Jala, Jāla.

[Sanskrit to German]

Jala in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

1) Jala (जल) [Also spelled jal]:—(nm) water, aqua; hydro-; -[apaghaṭana] hydrolysis; ~[kapāṭa] sluice; ~[kara] water-tax; ~[kala] a water pipe; •[vibhāga] waterworks; ~[kuṃbhī] a typical water plant; ~[kukkuṭa] a water-fowl; ~[kūpa] a water-well; ~[kṛṣi] water-culture; ~[keli] watergambol, aquatic sport; ~[ghaḍī] a water-clock; ~[cara/cārī] aquatic (animal, etc.); -[cādara] a sheet of water; -[jaṃtu] aquatic creatures; ~[ja/jāta] aqueous; lotus; ~[ḍamarumadhya] a strait; -[trāsa] hydrophobia; -[thala] water and land; •[eka honā] a deluge to set in, water to submerge all visible land; ~[da] a cloud; ~[dasyu] a pirate; ~[dhara] a cloud; ~[dhārā] a water current; ~[dhi] an ocean; ~[pattī] a water-cress; ~[patha] waterways; -[parī] a siren, mermaid; -[prapāta] a waterfall, cataract; -[pralaya] cataclysm, deluge; -[pravāha] a torrent/current of water; -[plāvana] inundation; -[bhīti] hydrophobia; -[maṃḍala] hydrosphere; ~[magna] submerged by or immersed under water; ~[maya] submerged in water; watery, hydrous; ~[mārga] channel, waterways; water-course; -[yātrā] a voyage; ~[yāna] a ship, vessel; boat; -[yuddha] naval war; ~[rāśi] body or accumulation of water; ~[lekha] hydrography; -[vijñāna/vidyā] hydrology; ~[vidyuta] hydro-electric; -[saṃtrāsa] hydrophobia; -[saṃdhi] a strait; -[samādhi] watery grave, to go deep into water for ending up one’s life; ~[sarvekṣaṇa] hydrography; ~[saha] waterproof; -[senā] the navy, naval force; -[staṃbha] a column of water; lighthouse; -[staṃbhana] the skill of keeping under water for prolonged spells; -[stara] water level; ~[sthala] land and water; ~[sthalīya] amphibious; -[strota] source of water; water current; ~[hīna] waterfree; without water; [jalākrāṃta] waterlogged; [jalāgāra] a reservoir; —[binu mīna] a fish out of water.

2) Jāla (जाल) [Also spelled jaal]:—(nm) a net, network; mesh; snare; plot; ~[sāja] a conspirer; forgerer, deceitful; ~[sājī] plotting; conspiracy; forgery; —[ḍālanā/pheṃkanā] to cast a net; —[phailanā] to lay a trap; —[meṃ phaṃsanā] to be caught in a trap, to be trapped.

3) Jālā (जाला):—(nm) a cobweb; net; flake; cataract; [jāle sāpha karanā] to blow away the cobwebs.

context information

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Prakrit-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary

1) Jala (जल) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Jval.

2) Jala (जल) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Jāḍya.

3) Jala (जल) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Jvala.

4) Jala (जल) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Jala.

5) Jala (जल) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Jala.

6) Jāla (जाल) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Jvāla.

7) Jāla (जाल) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Jāla.

8) Jāla (जाल) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Jvāla.

9) Jālā (जाला) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Jvālā.

10) Jālā (जाला) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Yadā.

context information

Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Jala (ಜಲ):—

1) [noun] the quality of being brilliant; great brightness; brilliance.

2) [noun] great warmth; the heat of the sunlight; sultriness.

3) [noun] (fig.) the scorching effect, hardship, difficulty as a result of one’s action, words, etc.

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Jala (ಜಲ):—

1) [noun] the liquid, a compound of hydrogen and oxygen, that descends from the clouds as rain, forms streams, lakes, and seas, and is a major constituent of all living matter and that when pure is an odourless, tasteless; water.

2) [noun] a slow-witted, stupid fellow.

3) [noun] the act or an instance of cheating.

4) [noun] the Vetiveria zizanioides (= Andropogan muricatus) of Poaceae family; cus-cus grass.

5) [noun] the yellowish waste material that is secreted by the kidney in vertebrates, which contains urea, certain salts etc.; urine.

6) [noun] an ordeal carried on in olden days, in which the accused would be pushed into the water, and it was believed that he would emerge safe after sometime if he or she was guiltless.

7) [noun] (pros.) a syllabic feet consisting of one short syllable followed by two long ones.

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Jala (ಜಲ):—

1) [noun] a natural mixture of earth, rock powder, with gold particles (from which gold is extracted).

2) [noun] gold so extracted.

--- OR ---

Jaḷa (ಜಳ):—

1) [noun] the quality of being brilliant; great brightness; brilliance.

2) [noun] great warmth; the heat of the sunlight; sultriness.

3) [noun] (fig.) the scorching effect, hardship, difficulty as a result of one’s action, words, etc.

--- OR ---

Jaḷa (ಜಳ):—

1) [noun] the liquid, a compound of hydrogen and oxygen, that descends from the clouds as rain, forms streams, lakes, and seas, and is a major constituent of all living matter and that when pure is an odourless, tasteless; water.

2) [noun] a slow-witted, stupid fellow.

3) [noun] the act or an instance of cheating.

4) [noun] the vetiveria zizanioides (= Andropogan muricatus) of Poaceae family; cuscus grass.

5) [noun] waste material that is secreted by the kidney in vertebrates, which yellowish and contains urea, certain salts discharged from the body; urine.

6) [noun] an erstwhile ordeal in which the accused would pushed under the surface of water, and it was believed that he would emerge safe after sometime if he or she was guiltless.

7) [noun] (pros.) a syllabic feet consisting of one short syllable followed by two long ones.

--- OR ---

Jāla (ಜಾಲ):—

1) [noun] a fabric made from string, cord, etc., loosely knotted or woven in an openwork pattern and used to trap or snare birds, fish, etc.; a net.

2) [noun] a net-work a) a system of roads, canals, veins, etc. that connect with or cross one another; b) an association of individuals having a common interest, formed to provide mutual assistance, helpful information or the like; c) a chain of transmitting stations as radio or television stations, that work interconnectedly.

3) [noun] a plan, scheme to entrap a person, to carryout a mission or treacherous act, etc.

4) [noun] a flexible armour made of metal links used to protect against weapons.

5) [noun] a window or an opening in the wall for air and light to pass through and also to see through.

6) [noun] an act of deceiving; deception.

7) [noun] a feeling or an impression of superiority manifested in an overbearing manner or presumptuous claims; overbearingness; haughtiness; arrogance.

8) [noun] a group of things gathered or of persons joined together, at a place; a multitude.

9) [noun] the tree Anthocephalus indicus (= A. cadamba, = Nauclea cadamba) of Rubiaceae family; cadamba tree.

10) [noun] a film, veil, coating etc. covering something.

11) [noun] a small swelling or projection on a plant from which a flower develops; a flower-bud.

12) [noun] any ornament used to enhance beauty.

13) [noun] any of the organs of sense.

14) [noun] the apparent blue canopy over the earth; the sky.

15) [noun] a particular kind of eye-disease.

--- OR ---

Jāla (ಜಾಲ):—

1) [noun] a natural mixture of earth, rock powder, with gold particles (from which gold is extracted).

2) [noun] gold so extracted.

--- OR ---

Jāḷa (ಜಾಳ):—[noun] the glowing gaseous part of a fire; flame.

--- OR ---

Jāḷa (ಜಾಳ):—

1) [noun] a fabric made from string, cord, etc., loosely knotted or woven in an openwork pattern and used to trap or snare birds, fish, etc.; a net.

2) [noun] a net-work a) a system of roads, canals, veins, etc. that connect with or cross one another; b) an association of individuals having a common interest, formed to provide mutual assistance, helpful information or the like; c) a chain of transmitting stations as radio or television stations, that work interconnectedly.

3) [noun] a plan, scheme to entrap a person, to carryout a mission or treacherous act, etc.

4) [noun] a flexible armour made of metal links used to protect against weapons.

5) [noun] a window or an opening in the wall for air and light to pass through and also to see through.

6) [noun] an act of deceiving; deception.

7) [noun] a feeling or an impression of superiority manifested in an overbearing manner or presumptuous claims; overbearingness; haughtiness; arrogance.

8) [noun] a group of things gathered or of persons joined together, at a place; a multitude.

9) [noun] the tree Anthocephalus indicus (= A. cadamba, = Nauclea cadamba) of Rubiaceae family; cadamba tree.

10) [noun] a film, veil, coating etc. covering something.

11) [noun] a small swelling or projection on a plant from which a flower develops; a flower-bud.

12) [noun] any ornament used to enhance beauty.

13) [noun] any of the organs of sense.

14) [noun] the apparent blue canopy over the earth; the sky.

15) [noun] a particular kind of eye-disease.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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