Durukta, Dur-ukta: 12 definitions
Introduction:
Durukta means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationDurukta (दुरुक्त) refers to “harsh words”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.41.—Accordingly, as Viṣṇu and others eulogized Śiva:—“[...] vulgar persons who observe sacrificial rites alone are acrimonious and wicked. With harsh words (i.e., durukta) and jealousy these deluded persons inflict pain on others. O lord, let not the destruction of these gods be carried out by you. O lord, great god, be merciful”.
Durukta or “piercing harsh words” is also mentioned in the Śivapurāṇa 7.42.—Accordingly, as Dakṣa bowed and eulogised Śiva:—“[...] The great lord has been wounded by me by the shafts of piercing harsh words (i.e., durukta). I have made the gods, who conferred blessings on me, very dejected. O Śiva, the helper of the distressed, Thou art greater than the greatest. Thou art favourably disposed to thy devotees. Thou art satisfied by thine own action of great value”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the GaganagañjaparipṛcchāDurukta (दुरुक्त) refers to “reviling (speech)”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “[...] At that time, sixty koṭis of Bodhisattvas, having stood up from the congregation, joined their palms, paid homage to the Lord, and then uttered these verses in one voice: ‘[...] (195) In order to uphold the true dharma, with patience we will endure the words of abuse, censure and reviling (durukta-vacana). (196) Upholding this guiding principle, we will endure all these scoffing, threats, decrying, and defaming. [...]’”.
Source: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on AgricultureDurukta (दुरुक्त) refers to “harsh speech”, according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly, [as the great Nāga kings said to the Bhagavān]: “[...] We will ripen all flowers, fruits and crops, [to be] soft-bodied, pleasing, fragrant, perfect and to have pungent juices. We will eliminate all discord, agitation, famine, harsh speech (durukta) and bad omens. We will send down rain showers duly at the proper time. [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarydurukta (दुरुक्त).—n S Obscene, abusive, or otherwise un-becoming speech.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishdurukta (दुरुक्त).—n Obscene, abusive, or otherwise un becoming speech.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryDurukta (दुरुक्त).—a. harshly uttered; Pañcatantra (Bombay) 1.89.
Durukta is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms dur and ukta (उक्त).
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Durukta (दुरुक्त).—f. offensive speech, reproach, abuse, censure; लक्ष्मि क्षमस्व वचनीयमिदं दुरुक्तम् (lakṣmi kṣamasva vacanīyamidaṃ duruktam) Udb.
Derivable forms: duruktam (दुरुक्तम्).
Durukta is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms dur and ukta (उक्त). See also (synonyms): durukti.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryDurukta (दुरुक्त).—[adjective] ill or badly spoken; [neuter] such a word.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Durukta (दुरुक्त):—[=dur-ukta] [from dur] mfn. ‘badly spoken’, harsh, injurious
2) [v.s. ...] harshly addressed, [Pañcatantra i, 100]
3) [v.s. ...] n. bad or harsh word, [Brāhmaṇa; Gṛhya-sūtra; Mahābhārata] etc.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Durukta (दुरुक्त) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Durutta.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusDurukta (ದುರುಕ್ತ):—
1) [adjective] wrongly uttered, spoken; spoken in a not befitting way.
2) [adjective] harshly spoken.
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Durukta (ದುರುಕ್ತ):—
1) [noun] unbecoming, wrong, improper utterance or speech.
2) [noun] harsh speech.
3) [noun] that which is reprehensible.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Ends with: Adurukta, Sarvadurukta, Vagdurukta.
Full-text: Durutta, Durukti, Vagdurukta, Duruktokta, Duragata, Vipratipa, Avasphandana, Ukta, Badhira, Vac.
Relevant text
Search found 4 books and stories containing Durukta, Dur-ukta; (plurals include: Duruktas, uktas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Taittiriya Upanishad Bhashya Vartika (by R. Balasubramanian)
Verse 1.1 < [Book 1 - Śīkṣāvallī]
Kautilya Arthashastra (by R. Shamasastry)
Chapter 9 - Protection of All Kinds of Government Departments < [Book 4 - Removal of Thorns]
Two Sages and a Poet < [January – March, 1989]
Formal Education System in Ancient India (by Sushmita Nath)
Ceremonies associated with Upanayana (initiation) < [Chapter 2 - Rituals of the Education System]