Caura, Caūra, Cuṟa, Cuṟā, Cūrā: 19 definitions
Introduction:
Caura means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi, Tamil. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Chaura.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationCaura (चौर) refers to “theft”, which is considered as having evil influences (vyasana), according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.1.17. Accordingly, “[...] who is he that is not broken up by the evil influences (vyasana) of hunting (mṛgayā), wine (madya), slander (paiśunya), untruth (anṛta), theft (caura), gambling (durodara) and prostitutes (vāradāra)? The wicked fellow (Guṇanidhi) used to lay his hands on whatever he could see in the house, a cloth, a base metal etc. and take it to the gambling den, there to lose the same to his brother gamblers (dyūtakāra)”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by VarahamihiraCaura (चौर) refers to “thieves”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 4), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “If the Moon (candra) should be eclipsed by Ketu she will destroy prosperity, health and plenty. Artisans will perish and thieves [i.e., caura] will suffer greatly. If while the moon is eclipsed, she be crossed by the fall of a meteor, that prince will die in the star of whose nativity the moon then happens to be”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram1) Caura (चौर) refers to “thieves”, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “These excellent sacrificial paps (caruka) should not be given to Tāntrikas. O Śambhu, it should always be kept hidden, like riches from thieves (caura—caurebhyo dravinaṃ [draviṇaṃ?] yathā). Otherwise, there is no success and no tradition”.
2) Caura (चौर) refers to “stealing (knowledge)”, according to the Kubjikāmata-tantra, the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—Accordingly, “If the teachers who are in the world have little knowledge how can (authentic spiritual) knowledge be protected (from corruption)? (Indeed, such teachers) steal knowledge away (jñāna-caura). If a disciple disrespects (his) teacher (thinking to himself) ‘I have acquired the essence of (his) knowledge, (it is time to) leave’ (and does so) without saying (that he is leaving), the goddesses will block (his development) and make (him) more foolish. [...]”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)
Source: archive.org: Syainika Sastra of Rudradeva with English Translation (art)Caura (चौर) refers to “thieves”, according to the Śyainika-śāstra: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, “Hunting on horseback (āśvina) represents one of the eight subdivisions of Hunting (mṛgayā). [...] It leads to the acquisition of religious merit, by killing ferocious animals such as wolves and tigers, by the protection of standing crop, by the slaughter of stags and other animals, by an inspection of the forest, which serves so many useful purposes, by frightening the thieves (caura), and by conciliating forest tribes. [...]”.
This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (“performing arts”) and Shastras (“sciences”) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita SastraCaura (चौर) refers to “(the outer suffering of) the wicked thief”, as mentioned in the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra chapter XXXI in the section called “four foundations of mindfulness (smṛtyupasthāna)”.—Accordingly:—“[...] there are two kinds of suffering (duḥkha): inner suffering and outer suffering. [...] Outer suffering (bāhyaduḥkha) is of two types: i) the king (rājan), the victorious enemy (vijetṛ), the wicked thief (caura), the lion (siṃha), tiger (vyāghra), wolf (vṛka), snake (sarpa) and other nuisances (viheṭhana); ii) the wind (vāta), rain (vṛṣṭi), cold (śīta), heat (uṣna), thunder (meghagarjita), lightning (vidyut), thunderbolts, etc: these two kinds of suffering are outer suffering”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarycaūra (चऊर) [or चऊरगोंडा, caūragōṇḍā].—m Better written cavara.
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caūra (चऊर).—m (Better cāhūra q. v.) A measure of land.
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cāūra (चाऊर).—m See cāvara & cāhūra.
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caura (चौर).—m (Better cāhūra q. v.) A measure of land.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishcaūra (चऊर).—m (Better cāhūra) A measure of land.
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caura (चौर).—m A measure of land.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryCaura (चौर).—
1) A thief, robber; सकलं चोर गतं त्वया गृहीतम् (sakalaṃ cora gataṃ tvayā gṛhītam) V.4.16. इन्दीवरदलप्रभाचोरं चक्षुः (indīvaradalaprabhācoraṃ cakṣuḥ) Bhartṛhari 3.67.
2) Any dishonest dealer.
2) One that steals or captivates the heart.
Derivable forms: cauraḥ (चौरः).
See also (synonyms): cora.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryCaura (चौर).—mf. (-raḥ-rī) 1. A thief, a robber, a pilferer. 2. A plant: see corapuṣpī 3. A perfume. f. (-rī) Stealing, theft. E. cora a thief, affix aṇ.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryCaura (चौर).—i. e. curā, Theft ([Grammarians.]) + a, m. 1. A thief, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 4, 118. 2. The robber of a heart; in the title, caura-pañcāśikā, The fifty strophes of a robber of a heart.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryCaura (चौर).—[masculine] ī [feminine] thief, robber.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Caura (चौर):—mfn. (√cur) thievish, [Hemacandra’s Pariśiṣṭaparvan ii, 170] (= cora [gana] prajñādi; [gana] chattrādi) a thief. robber, [Manu-smṛti iv, viii, xi] (ifc.), [Harivaṃśa] etc.
2) a dishonest or unfair dealer, usurper, [Pañcatantra i, 8, 11/12 and 18/19] (also in [compound] translatable as [adjective (cf. [masculine, feminine and neuter; or adjective])])
3) (ifc. e.g. kavi-, ‘a plagiarist’), [Gaṇaratna-mahodadhi 114]
4) a (heart-) captivator, [Harivaṃśa 7125; 9981 and 9994]
5) the perfume Coraka, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) ‘plagiarist’, Name of a poet (cf. cora), [Śārṅgadhara-paddhati]
7) [plural] Name of a family, [Pravara texts i, 7] ([Kātyāyana] and, [Viśvanātha daivajña])
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryCaura (चौर):—[(raḥ-rī)] 1. m. 3. f. A thief. f. Theft; a grass; a perfume.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryCaurā (चौरा) [Also spelled chaura]:—(nm) an altar; a raised platform forming part of a religious or ritualistic installation.
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Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionaryCaura (चौर) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Catura.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusCaura (ಚೌರ):—
1) [noun] the act of cutting, dressing, shaving or trimming of the hair of the head or beards.
2) [noun] (fig.) a losing of money (by way of unnecessary or wasteful expenditure).
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Caura (ಚೌರ):—
1) [noun] a fan made of the long hair of yak (Bos grunniens).
2) [noun] the profession of fanning in a royal court.
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Caurā (ಚೌರಾ):—[noun] the middle-sized tree Erinocarpus nimmoanus of Tiliaceae family, with yellow flowers and fibrous bark.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+51): Caura-carata, Caura-varjam, Caurabhavani, Caurabhaya, Caurabombala, Cauracarya, Cauradhvajabaddhaka, Cauradika, Cauragata, Caurage, Caurahrita, Cauraka, Caurakaniregha, Caurakarman, Caurakilbisha, Caurakilvisha, Caurakka, Cauram, Cauramacam, Cauramanam.
Ends with (+8): Acaura, Adhashcaura, Amracaura, Aryacaura, Bandicaura, Bhitticaura, Cittacaura, Dhanyacaura, Hridayacaura, Jnanacaura, Kacaura, Karucaura, Kavyacaura, Mishracaura, Namacaura, Nidracaura, Nikcaura, Patacaura, Prasahyacaura, Ratnacaura.
Full-text (+222): Cura, Bhitticaura, Prasahyacaura, Caurapahrita, Caurahrita, Cauratas, Stricaura, Kavyacaura, Caurakarman, Cauradhvajabaddhaka, Suvarnacaura, Cura-pattiri, Cauramsha, Nikcaura, Cauroddhartri, Muluccauram, Putukkancura, Cura verrugas, Curakkompu, Mantaliccura.
Relevant text
Search found 16 books and stories containing Caura, Caūra, Cāūra, Caurā, Cura, Curā, Cuṟa, Cuṟā, Cūrā; (plurals include: Cauras, Caūras, Cāūras, Caurās, Curas, Curās, Cuṟas, Cuṟās, Cūrās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Srila Gurudeva (The Supreme Treasure) (by Swami Bhaktivedanta Madhava Maharaja)
A Thief of Hearts < [Chapter 1.1 - Śrī Guru Tattva and Śrī Guru Sevaka]
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 1.18.1 < [Chapter 18 - Vision of the Universal Form]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 9.270 < [Section XXXVIII - Treatment of Criminals and their Punishment]
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
Part 3 - Punishments for theft < [Section I.2 - Abstaining from theft]
Part 8 - Better to die than to kill < [Section I.1 - Abstaining from murder]
Appendix 1 - The community of the five (pañcasādhāraṇa) < [Chapter XIX - The Characteristics of Generosity]
Yajnavalkya-smriti (Vyavaharadhyaya)—Critical study (by Kalita Nabanita)
Chapter 4.7 - Existence of the Autonomous Bodies or Groups < [Chapter 4 - The Political Aspect Reflected in the Vyavahārādhyāya]
Chapter 3.2a - Positions of the Brāhmaṇas and the Śūdras < [Chapter 3 - The Social Aspect Depicted in the Vyavahārādhyāya]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 10.3 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]