Atishaya, Atisaya, Atiśaya: 26 definitions
Introduction:
Atishaya means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Atiśaya can be transliterated into English as Atisaya or Atishaya, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Atishay.
In Hinduism
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammarAtiśaya (अतिशय).—Excess or excellence as shown by the affixes तर (tara) and तम (tama) cf. तरतम-योश्चातिशये (taratama-yoścātiśaye) V.Pr.V.2; क्रियाप्रधानमाख्यातं तस्मादतिशये तखुत्पद्यते (kriyāpradhānamākhyātaṃ tasmādatiśaye takhutpadyate) M. Bh. on VI. 2.139; VIII.1.71 ; (2) desire as shown by the affix क्यच् (kyac) in Pāṇini's grammar; cf. यश्च अतिशये (yaśca atiśaye) R. T. 126.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Source: academia.edu: Religious Inclusivism in the Writings of an Early Modern Sanskrit Intellectual (Dharmashastra)Atiśaya (अतिशय) or Puruṣātiśaya refers to “exceptional (persons)”.—Two centuries after Kumārila, Medhātithi (ninth century), in his commentary on the Manusmṛti, repeats Kumārila’s argument for the exclusion of traditions that are ‘external’ to the Veda: “In this way, all those [people who are] external [to the Veda], such as the worshippers of the Sun (bhojaka), the followers of the Pāñcarātra, the Jains, the Buddhists (followers of the no-self doctrine), the Pāśupatas and others, hold that the authors of their own doctrines are exceptional persons (puruṣa-atiśaya) and special deities (devatā-viśeṣa) who have had direct experience of the truth they teach. They do not claim that their religious practices derive from the Veda (vedamūla) [and] their teachings contain doctrines that directly contradict the Veda”.
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason BirchAtiśaya (अतिशय) refers to “superiority”, according to the Yogatārāvalī.—Accordingly, [while describing yoganidrā]: “[This] extraordinary sleep [which is] without dullness and void of thought [that is the world of] multiplicity, becomes manifest for people when [all their] former attachments have been defeated by the superiority (atiśaya) of [their] inward awareness. [...]”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramAtiśaya (अतिशय) refers to “excellent (qualities)”, according to the according to the Kularatnoddyota, one of the earliest Kubjikā Tantras.—Accordingly, “[...] The issue from her womb is Akula (brought about) by the Yoga of the vitality of concentration. Born as an issue of the Divine Current, a (veritable) aggregate of a host of excellent qualities (atiśaya-guṇa), he is the most excellent in the world. The three worlds bow to (this) great soul, a Siddha (born) within (the goddess and issued forth) from the path of Caṇḍikā’s Door (in the Cavity of Brahmā). Called Vṛkṣanātha, he, the remover of the impurities of the Kali Age, will take birth in this way’”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
In Jainism
Jain philosophy
Source: archive.org: Anekanta Jaya Pataka of Haribhadra SuriAtiśaya (अतिशय) or Mūlātiśaya refers to the “fundamental excellences” of Mahāvīra, as used in the Anekāntajayapatākā-prakaraṇa, a Śvetāmbara Jain philosophical work written by Haribhadra Sūri.—[Cf. Vol. I, P. 1, ll 10-11.]—The first four adjectives in this verse viz. (1) vinirjitarāga, (2) sarvajña, (3) tridaśanāthakṛtapūja and (4) sadbhūtavastuvādī resepctively connote four mūlātiśayas (fundamental excellences) of Mahāvīra.
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General definition (in Jainism)
Source: archive.org: TrisastisalakapurusacaritraAtiśaya (अतिशय) refers to “supernatural powers”, according to chapter 1.2 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.—Accordingly, “[...] Then the Indras came all together, like friends having an appointment, to interpret to the Blessed One’s Mother the meaning of the dreams.—‘[...] That you saw a pitcher full of water means that your son will be a vessel filled with all the supernatural powers (atiśayas). [...]’.”.
Source: HereNow4u: Lord VṛṣabhanāthaAtiśaya (अतिशय, “extra-ordinary sign”).—In contrast to the ordinary omniscient's, Tīrthaṅkara have some special characteristics which are known as extra ordinary signs or “atiśayas”. In Śvetāmbara tradition, the 34 atiśayas are divided into 4 basic partsapāyāpagamātiśaya, jṅānātiśaya, pūjātiśaya and vāgatiśaya whereas in the Digambara tradition, these are categorised into 3 parts: the ten atiśayas of birth, 10 atiśayas of pure knowledge and 14 devakṛta-atiśayas.
Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve ReflectionsAtiśaya (अतिशय) refers to “abundantly”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “Here in the cycle of rebirth consisting of endless misfortune, sentient beings roam about [com.—atiśaya—‘abundantly’] repeatedly, struck down by spear, axe, vice, fire, corrosive liquid or razor in hell, consumed by the multitude of flames from the fire of violent actions in the plant and animal world , and subject to unequalled trouble in the human condition [or] full of desire among the gods. [Thus ends the reflection on] the cycle of rebirth.”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionaryatisaya : (m.) abundance.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryAtisaya, (cp. Sk. atiśaya, fr. ati + śī) superiority, distinction, excellence, abundance VvA. 135 (= visesa); PvA. 86; Dāvs II, 62. (Page 21)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryatiśaya (अतिशय).—m (S) Superabundance, exuberance, excessiveness. 2 Excess (of any action); importunity &c. 3 Pressing at an entertainment or feast.
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atiśaya (अतिशय).—a or atiśayita a (S) Superabundant, excessive, immoderate, too or very much or many.
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atiśaya (अतिशय).—. Add as a phrase:--atiśaya karaṇēṃ To commit extravagance or excess; to exceed or transgress contumaciously. Ex. mhaṇēṃ bhagavatsatā pramāṇa yēthēṃ || mī atiśaya vyartha kāṃ karūṃ ||.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishatiśaya (अतिशय).—m Excessiveness. a Excessive.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryAtiśaya (अतिशय).—[śī-ac]
1) Excess, pre-eminence, excellence; वीर्य° (vīrya°) R.3.62; महिम्नां (mahimnāṃ)...अतिशयः (atiśayaḥ) Uttararāmacarita 4.21; तस्मिन् विधानातिशये विधातुः (tasmin vidhānātiśaye vidhātuḥ) R.6.11 excellence, highest perfection of art.
2) Superiority (in quality, rank, quantity &c.); महार्घस्तीर्थानामिव हि महतां कोऽप्यतिशयः (mahārghastīrthānāmiva hi mahatāṃ ko'pyatiśayaḥ) Uttararāmacarita 6.11; often in comp. with adjectives, in the sense of 'exceedingly'; °रमणीयः (ramaṇīyaḥ) Mu.3; आसीदतिशयप्रेक्ष्यः (āsīdatiśayaprekṣyaḥ) R.17.25; मुक्ता गुणातिशयसंभृतमण्डनश्रीः (muktā guṇātiśayasaṃbhṛtamaṇḍanaśrīḥ) V.5.19; or with nouns, meaning 'excellent'; 'excessive'; 'very great'; °रयः, अश्वातिशयम् (rayaḥ, aśvātiśayam) K.8 the best of horses; °दारिद्य्रोपहताः (dāridyropahatāḥ).
3) Advantageous result, one of the superhuman qualities attributed to Jain saints. -a. [अतिशयः अस्त्यर्थे अच् (atiśayaḥ astyarthe ac) Superior, pre-eminent, excessive, very great, abundant.
Derivable forms: atiśayaḥ (अतिशयः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryAtīśaya (अतीशय).—(m.c. for Sanskrit ati°), abundance: Mahāvastu i.100.10 (verse).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryAtiśaya (अतिशय).—If an adj. mas. only.
(-yaḥ) If an adverb n.
(-yaṃ) much, excessive. E. śīṅa to sleep; ati being prefixed, to excel; aff. ac
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Ātiśaya (आतिशय) or Ātiśayya.—n.
(-yaṃ) Excess, quantity. E. atiśaya much, and yañ aff.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryAtiśaya (अतिशय).—i. e. ati-śī + a, m. 1. Excellence. 2. Excess, [Śiśupālavadha] 9, 77. 3. Plenty, [Vikramorvaśī, (ed. Bollensen.)] [distich] 157. 4. As former part of comp. words: 1. In a high degree, great, [Pañcatantra] 239, 14. 2. Violent.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryAtiśaya (अतिशय).—[adjective] excessive, excellent, superior to ([ablative]); [masculine] excessiveness, excellence, superiority. °— & [instrumental] [adverb] excessively, very much, more.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Atiśaya (अतिशय):—[=ati-śaya] a etc. See 1. ati- √1. śī.
2) [=ati-śaya] [from ati-śī] b m. pre-eminence, eminence
3) [v.s. ...] superiority in quality or quantity or numbers
4) [v.s. ...] advantageous result
5) [v.s. ...] one of the superhuman qualities attributed to Jaina Arhats
6) [v.s. ...] mfn. pre-eminent, superior, abundant, [Śāṅkhāyana-brāhmaṇa etc.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Goldstücker Sanskrit-English DictionaryAtiśaya (अतिशय):—I. m. f. n.
(-yaḥ-yā-yam) Excellent, superior, excessive. (The femin. is very seldom used.) Ii. m.
(-yaḥ) 1) Excellence, superiority, excessiveness. (atiśayena used adverbially.)
2) Advantage, visible result of an action (opposed to apūrva q. v.).
3) A superhuman quality inherent to a Jaina Arhat; there are thirty-four such qualities belonging to them, four of which regard their personal accomplishment, eleven their supernatural powers and the remaining twenty-nine their celestial attributes. Iii. n.
(-yam) used as adverb. Very much, excessive. E. śī with ati, kṛt aff. ac.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Atiśaya (अतिशय):—[ati-śaya] (yaḥ yaṃ) a. Much.
2) Ātiśaya (आतिशय):—(yyaṃ) 1. n. Excess.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Atiśaya (अतिशय) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Aisaya.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryAtiśaya (अतिशय) [Also spelled atishay]:—(a and adv) exceeding/exceedingly, excessive/excessively; ~[tā] plenty, abundance, (state of being in) excess.
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Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusAtiśaya (ಅತಿಶಯ):—
1) [noun] superiority in quality or quantity or numbers; pre-eminence; eminence; excellence.
2) [noun] a super human power or operative influence; a virtue.
3) [noun] a kind of elegant expression with regard to meaning in literary works.
4) [noun] = ಅತಿಶಯೋಕ್ತಿ - [atishayokti -] 1.
5) [noun] = ಅತಿಶಯೋಕ್ತಿ - [atishayokti -] 2.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English DictionaryAtiśaya (अतिशय):—adj. very much; excessive;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Atisayam, Atishayadhavala, Atishayaguna, Atishayalu, Atishayana, Atishayanam, Atishayani, Atishayanika, Atishayata, Atishayate, Atishayavade, Atishayavant, Atishayavat, Atishayavati, Atishayokti.
Ends with (+3): Acaryatishaya, Anatishaya, Apayapagamatishaya, Asamyatishaya, Gunatishaya, Harshatishaya, Itopyatishaya, Jnanatishaya, Labdhatishaya, Lokatishaya, Mahatishaya, Mulatishaya, Nirastasamyatishaya, Niratishaya, Pratishaya, Prayogatishaya, Pujatishaya, Purushatishaya, Samshayatishaya, Satishaya.
Full-text (+23): Atishayokti, Atishayana, Aisaya, Atishayya, Niratishaya, Atishayavat, Atisayam, Atishayin, Cematicayam, Atisayena, Cupaticayam, Kunaticayam, Atishayopama, Ataraticayam, Niratishayatva, Cakacaticayam, Mulatishaya, Atirayam, Aticayaccol, Karmakshayaticayam.
Relevant text
Search found 28 books and stories containing Atishaya, Atisaya, Atiśaya, Atīśaya, Ātiśaya, Ati-shaya, Ati-śaya, Ati-saya; (plurals include: Atishayas, Atisayas, Atiśayas, Atīśayas, Ātiśayas, shayas, śayas, sayas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Notes on Atiśaya (supernatural powers) < [Notes]
Part 34: Ajita’s Śāsanadevatās < [Chapter III - The initiation and omniscience of Ajita]
Part 14: Sagara goes to the samavasaraṇa < [Chapter III - The initiation and omniscience of Ajita]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 10.83 [Atiśayokti] < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 10.190 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 10.85 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Jainism and Patanjali Yoga (Comparative Study) (by Deepak bagadia)
Ten rituals of the Temple < [Chapter 3 - Jain Philosophy and Practice]
Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati Dāsa)
Verse 3.4.496 < [Chapter 4 - Descriptions of Śrī Acyutānanda’s Pastimes and the Worship of Śrī Mādhavendra]
Verse 2.1.6 < [Chapter 1 - The Beginning of the Lord’s Manifestation and His Instructions on Kṛṣṇa-saṅkīrtana]
Verse 2.8.222 < [Chapter 8 - The Manifestation of Opulences]
Alamkaras mentioned by Vamana (by Pratim Bhattacharya)
5: Alaṃkāra-śāstra according to Rudraṭa (9th century) < [Chapter 2 - The concept of alaṃkāra in Sanskrit Poetics]
1-2: The number of Alaṃkāras (poetic figures) mentioned < [Chapter 5 - A Comparative study of the different alaṃkāras mentioned by Vāmana]
10: Definition of Atiśayokti Alaṃkāra < [Chapter 4 - Arthālaṃkāras mentioned by Vāmana]
Kavyamimamsa of Rajasekhara (Study) (by Debabrata Barai)
Alaṃkāra (1): Vakrokti < [Chapter 3 - Contribution of Rājaśekhara to Sanskrit Poetics]
Part 8 - Dhvanyāloka of Ānandavardhana < [Chapter 2 - A General Outlines of Sanskrit Poetics]
Appendix 1 - Ācārya, Kavi and important persons mentioned in the Kāvyamīmāṃsā