Aparanta, Aparānta, Apara-anta: 19 definitions
Introduction:
Aparanta means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia1) Aparānta (अपरान्त).—A city on the west coast of ancient South India. (Mahābhārata, Bhīṣma Parva, Chapter 9, Verse 67).
2) Aparānta (अपरान्त).—Another name of the Śūrpāraka temple. (Mahābhārata, Śānti Parva, Chapter 49, Verse 67).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) Aparānta (अपरान्त).—A northern kingdom.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 16. 46; III. 62. 39; Matsya-purāṇa 114. 51; Vāyu-purāṇa 58. 81.
1b) The people of the western country.*
- * Viṣṇu-purāṇa II. 3. 16.
Aparānta (अपरान्त) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. ) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Aparānta) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: archive.org: Vagbhata’s Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita (first 5 chapters)Aparānta (अपरान्त) is the name of a region whose waters (i.e., rivers) produce hemorrhoids, as mentioned in verse 5.11-12 of the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā (Sūtrasthāna) by Vāgbhaṭa.—Accordingly, “[...] (those) [rivers, viz., nadī] rising with the Prācyas, Avantis, and Aparāntas [produce] hemorrhoids; (those) [rivers] coming from the Mahendra [produce] abdominal swellings, elephantiasis, and indisposition; [...]”.
Note: The Prācyas, Avantis, and Aparāntas are either (according to the commentators) the peoples of Gaur, Malwa, and the Konkan or (according to Dowson, Dictionary s. vv.) the peoples east of the Ganges and those of Malwa and Malabar. [...] Going into details, Prācya and Aparānta have been taken, not for the names of peoples (as is done by the scholiasts), but for such of lands, with anta joined to prācya and apara alike.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
In Buddhism
Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Pali Kanon: Pali Proper NamesMentioned in a list of tribes. Ap.ii.359.
Source: Pali Kanon: Pali Proper NamesOne of the countries to which Asoka sent missionaries after the Third Council. The leader of the mission was Yonaka Dhammarakkhitta (Mhv.xii.5; Dpv.viii.7). He preached to the people the Aggikkhandopama Sutta and 37,000 people embraced the new faith, a thousand men and even more women entering the Order (Mhv.xii.34-6; Sp.i.67).
The country comprises the territory of Northern Gujarat, Kathiawar, Kachch and Sindh. Fleet J.R.A.S. 1910, p.427; Bhandarkar in his Early History of Dekkan puts it in North Konkan (p.23); see also Burgess: Arch. Reports ii.131.
According to Hsouien Thsang, the country seems to comprise Sindh, Western Rajaputana, Cutch, Gujarat and a portion of the adjoining coast on the lower bank of the Narmada. Cunningham Anct. Geog. of India, notes, p.690; and Law: Early Geography 56ff.
Probably Buddhism was known in Aparanta during the time of the Buddha himself. Dutt: Early Hist. of Bsm. p.190; Dvy., pp.45ff; but the reference is to Sunaparanta.
It is said that when Mandhata brought all the four continents under his sway people from the three other continents came over to Jambudipa and lived there. When the king died they found themselves unable to get back, and begged his minister to allow them to start settlements in Jambudipa itself. He agreed, and the settlement of those who had come from Aparagoyana was for that reason called Aparanta (DA.ii.482; MA.i.184) (Aparantaka).
Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita SastraAparānta (अपरान्त) refers to “having an end” [or “not having an end”?], according to Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter 41).—Accordingly, “[The Non-existence of Time According to the Mahāyāna].—[...] Finally, there are people who produce wrong views in regard to the three times and who say: ‘Past dharmas and beings have a beginning (pūrvānta), do not have a beginning, etc.’. If they have a beginning, then there are new beings, and the dharmas also arise without cause or condition. If they do not have a beginning (pūrvānta), neither do they have an end (aparānta), they have neither end nor middle (madhyānta). Or else not having a beginning means having a middle and having an end; not having an end means having a beginning and a middle; not having a middle means having a beginning and an end. [...]”.
Source: archive.org: Bulletin of the French School of the Far East (volume 5)Aparānta (अपरान्त) [?] (in Chinese: Si-ti) refers to one of the fifty-five kingdoms enumerated in chapter 17 of the Candragarbha: the 55th section of the Mahāsaṃnipāta-sūtra, a large compilation of Sūtras (texts) in Mahāyāna Buddhism partly available in Sanskrit, Tibetan and Chinese.—In the Candragarbhasūtra, the Bhagavat invites all classes of Gods and Deities to protect the Law [dharma?] and the faithful in their respective districts.—In Aparānta, the following deities are appointed (among others): The Gandharva Dharmananda [?]; the Kinnara Śucirava; the Yakṣa Mahākāya [?]; the Goddesses Suvarṇaprabhā and Kālaprabhā.
Aparāntā (अपरान्ता) (in Chinese: Si-ti) is the name of an ancient kingdom associated with Puṣya or Puṣyanakṣatra, as mentioned in chapter 18.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
General definition (in Buddhism)
Source: academia.edu: The Chronological History of BuddhismAparanta and Aparantaka were two different areas. Buddhist sources unambiguously indicate the location of Aparantaka in the east and not in the west. Magadha and Aparantaka kingdoms were undoubtedly neighboring kingdoms.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionaryaparanta : 1. the last end; 2. the future; 3. name of a country in Western India.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryAparanta refers to: (aparanta) = aparaṃ, with anta in same function as in cpds. vananta (see anta1 5): (a.) further away, westward J v.471; Miln.292 (janapada). (b.) future D.I, 30 (°kappika, cp. DA.I, 118); M.II, 228 (°ânudiṭṭhi — thought of the future); S.III, 46 (id.).
Note: aparanta is a Pali compound consisting of the words apara and anta.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryAparānta (अपरान्त).—a. living at the western borders. (-ntaḥ) 1 the western border or extremity, the extreme end or term. the western shore.
2) (pl.) the country or inhabitants of the western borders near the Sahya mountain; अपरान्तजयोद्यतैः (aparāntajayodyataiḥ) (anīkaiḥ) R.4.53 Western people. दशार्णाश्चापरान्ताश्च द्विपानां मध्यमा मताः (daśārṇāścāparāntāśca dvipānāṃ madhyamā matāḥ) Kau.A.1.2.
3) the kings of this country.
4) death, Pātañjala Yogadarśana 3.22. °ज्ञानम् (jñānam) anticipation of one's end.
5) the hind foot of an elephant; मृदुचलदपरान्तोदीरितान्दूनिनादम् (mṛducaladaparāntodīritāndūninādam) Śiśupālavadha 11.7;18.32.
6) Islander, inhabitant of an island (dvīpavāsin) कोट्यापरान्ताः सामुद्रा रत्नान्युपहरन्तु ते (koṭyāparāntāḥ sāmudrā ratnānyupaharantu te) Rām.2.82.8.
Aparānta is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms apara and anta (अन्त).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryAparānta (अपरान्त).—m. (= Pali aparanta; sometimes contrasted with pūrvānta, q.v.), the future: °ntaḥ, n. sg., Mahāvyutpatti 8307; Rāṣṭrapālaparipṛcchā 4.17 aparānta-kalpa-koṭibhir api nāsti buddhānāṃ …guṇaparyantaḥ; Śālistambasūtra 98.2 °ntaṃ, acc. (adv.?), cited Śikṣāsamuccaya 227.8; Gaṇḍavyūha 37.17, 18; 49.25 (read pūrvāntāparānta-); 242.16 aparānta-kalpa-; 242.19 same, 1st ed. misprinted aparanta°; corr. 2d ed.; Daśabhūmikasūtra 31.5. See aparānta-koṭi.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryAparānta (अपरान्त).—m. 1. the western extremity. 2. pl. the name of a people. 3. completion. 4. death.
Aparānta is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms apara and anta (अन्त).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryAparānta (अपरान्त).—[masculine] last end, death; the farthest west, [plural] its inhabitants.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Aparānta (अपरान्त):—[from apara] mfn. living at the western border
2) [v.s. ...] m. the western extremity, the country or the inhabitants of the western border
3) [v.s. ...] the extreme end or term
4) [v.s. ...] ‘the latter end’, death.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Goldstücker Sanskrit-English DictionaryAparānta (अपरान्त):—[karmadharaya compound] m.
(-ntaḥ) The western extremity, the western border, the western sea-shore; e. g. soparānteṣu tīrthāni puṇyānyāyatanāni ca . tāni sarvāni gatvā sa prabhāsamupajagmivān (Arjunam. aparānteṣu = samudrasamīpeṣu paścimeṣu; Nīlak. = paścimasamudratīreṣu); or aparāntādahaṃ kṛṣṇa saṃpratīhāgataḥ (Rāmānanda: aparāntāt = paścimasamudratīrāt).— The plur. aparāntāḥ is the name of the country or the inhabitants of the western borders.—Wilson (Viṣṇupurāṇa p. 189, n. 60) renders aparāntāḥ ‘the people not beyond the borders’, as opposed to parāntāḥ ‘the people beyond the borders’ (i. e. of parā and anta); but as para when opposed to apara assumes meanings corresponding with those of pūrva (see s. v. apara Ii.), parāntāḥ, as contradistinguished from aparāntāḥ, may mean perhaps ‘the people of the eastern borders’ when aparāntāḥ would retain the sense given before. See the following.—
2) Last term, completion, e. g. in the YogaSūtra: kṣaṇapratiyogī pariṇāmoparāntanirgrāhyaḥ kramaḥ ‘maturity (or change) is the reverse of what is but a moment; by the completion (of maturity) the order (of the moments) becomes comprehensible’.
3) Death. See the Yoga term aparāntajñāna and comp. pūrvānta and parānta. E. apara and anta.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Aparantajnana, Aparantaka, Aparantakoti.
Ends with: Ashmaparanta, Attaparanta, Kundaparanta, Kuttaparanta, Saparanta, Shronaparanta, Sunaparanta.
Full-text (+14): Aparantaka, Aparantika, Konkana, Saparanta, Aparantajnana, Trikuta, Pracya, Sahya, Avanti, Dharmananda, Kalaprabha, Purvanta, Udara, Shucirava, Mahakaya, Suvarnaprabha, Purvakoti, Sasanavamsa, Koti, Durnaman.
Relevant text
Search found 22 books and stories containing Aparanta, Aparānta, Apara-anta; (plurals include: Aparantas, Aparāntas, antas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Matangalila and Hastyayurveda (study) (by Chandrima Das)
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
III. Although non-existent, the Bodhisattva merits special praises < [Part 1 - Winning the praises of the Buddhas]
Appendix 5 - The story of Vakkhali < [Chapter XXXIX - The Ten Powers of the Buddha according to the Abhidharma]
Appendix 1 - Teaching the Rādhasutta at mount Makula < [Chapter X - The Qualities of the Bodhisattvas]
List of Mahabharata people and places (by Laxman Burdak)
Yoga-sutras (with Vyasa and Vachaspati Mishra) (by Rama Prasada)
Sūtra 3.21 < [Book 3 - Attainment (Vibhūti or Siddhi)]
Sūtra 4.33 < [Book 4 - Absolute Independence (Kaivalya)]
The Padma Purana (by N.A. Deshpande)
Chapter 6 - Bhāratavarṣa: Its Rivers and Regions < [Section 3 - Svarga-khaṇḍa (section on the heavens)]
Yoga-sutras (with Bhoja’s Rajamartanda) (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Sūtra 3.22 < [Third Chapter (Vibhuti Pada)]
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