The Sanskrit term Aparadarśana can be transliterated into English as Aparadarsana or Aparadarshana, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

In Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: Google Books: Jewels of the Middle Way

Aparadarśana (अपरदर्शन) refers to “people of narrow vision” and is a Sanskrit synonym for the Tibetan tshu rol thong ba, according to the “Collection on the Two Realities (satyadvaya): A Kadampa Commentary” [emended from Collection of Special Instructions on the Middle Way].—Accordingly, “[...] What is called truth in reality when examined by reasoning is the reality of things that has abided from the beginning: the unproduced nature that is ultimate reality. Accordingly, when meditating on the characteristic of the two realities and ultimate reality, it is not realized by the valid cognition of those with narrow vision (tshu rol thong ba’i tshad ma or in Sanskrit: Aparadarśana) or by logic, but is realized from the special instructions of the spiritual teacher. In order to achieve liberation through realizing [ultimate reality], if one goes ahead and cultivates the method that relies on conventional reality, then there will be realization, but nonrealizations acquired through listening and reflection will be cut off if [one is] not cultivating an extensive method for [realizing] emptiness. [...]”.

Note: The Sanskrit equivalents for tshu rol thong ba are arvāgdarśana, arvāgdṛś, or aparadarśana. As noted by Keira (2004, 94), Kamalaśīla explains in his Tattvasaṃgrahapañjikā that people of narrow vision (tshu rol thong ba) have three types of direct perception—sense cognition (indriyajñāna), mental [cognition] (mānasa), and reflexive cognition (ātmasaṃvedana), but such people do not have yogipratyakṣa, which directly understands emptiness (śūnyatā). Atiśa and the Kadampa commentary will repeatedly mention that the direct perception and inferences of those with narrow vision cannot understand the two realities nor cognize emptiness.

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Partial matches: Darshana, Apara.

Full-text: Atmasamvedana, Tshu rol thong ba, Arvagdrish, Arvagdarshana.

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